As you become a teen, you may face a lot of changing feelings as your body and your mind — and the people around you! — start developing in whole new ways. You may have lots of changing feelings. Puberty can spark some brand-new urges, and you may start having strong feelings for someone you like. You may start thinking more about your sexuality.

What exactly is sexuality? It’s about how your reproductive system works, feeling attractive, and being attracted to someone else. But it’s also affected by your values, how you feel about your body, and the messages about bodies and behaviors that you get from the world around you.

As you think about your sexuality, a great place to start is knowing that you have the right to feel comfortable, to be treated with respect, and to stay healthy and safe in your relationships.

Pimples. Growing breasts. Body hair. Moody moments. If any of this sounds familiar, you’re likely on the path of puberty. It’s a road everyone travels, and it certainly has its bumps. But it’s also an amazing time.

Puberty is when you start making the change from being a child to being an adult. And it’s when your body develops the ability to have a baby. It all happens thanks to changing hormones, or natural body chemicals.

With everything that’s changing, life can feel a little overwhelming. But you can feel more in control if you take good care of your body. Knowing what to expect can help, too, so keep reading. (And don’t forget that puberty also involves changes you can’t see — like changes to your self-esteem and your feelings.

Timing and stages of puberty

Adolescence and puberty can be so confusing! Here’s some info on what to expect and when:

• Puberty in girls usually starts between the ages of 8 and 13 and ends by around 14. For boys, puberty usually starts between 10 and 14, and ends by around 15 or 16.
• For girls, one of the first signs of puberty usually is their breasts starting to grow.
• Getting your period (menstruation) usually happens later, around two years after breast growth starts.
• In between, you’ll probably start to see more hair in places like under your arms and in your pubic area.
• Puberty involves big changes to your shape, including getting taller (which stops when puberty ends).

Of course, it can be hard to have your body change at a slower or faster rate than your friends’ bodies. If how fast or slow your body is changing is upsetting you, talk to an adult you trust.

If you’re developing slower or faster than you think you should, your body may just be changing at its own natural rate. It’s a good idea to let your doctor know if you start puberty before age 8. Also let your doctor know if you don’t have any signs of puberty by the time you’re 14. Your doctor can check whether a medical problem is involved.

Changes to your shape

How your body looks changes a lot during puberty. For one, usually between the ages of 9 and 13, girls grow much faster than they had been growing. This process, called a growth spurt, happens later for boys. That explains why you may be taller than the boys in your grade for a while.

You likely will also see lots of other changes in your body during puberty. Keep reading for info on:

Changes in your body during puberty

These are some of the changes you can expect during puberty:

• A curvier shape
• Wider hips, thighs, and bottom
• Normal weight gain as your body structure grows
• Stretch marks, or little scars, where your skin was pulled from growing fast (but that usually fade over time)

You’ll also see more body hair, changes to your breasts, and possibly some acne. We’ve got lots of helpful tips on each of those topics, too!

Keep in mind that these changes all are common and normal! And make sure to take good care of your great, growing body. With everything that's going on, it’s important to eat well, stay fit, and get enough sleep.

Your feelings about your changing body

During puberty your body may seem very different from what you’re used to, and you might feel uncomfortable or shy about it. Remember that everyone goes through these changes — it’s just part of life — and every girl grows at her own pace.

During puberty, it’s common to struggle with body image, or how you feel about your body. This can be especially hard when models in magazines have bodies that seem “perfect.” But a lot of what you see in magazines and online is either fake or unhealthy.

If you think you or a friend may have a problem with body image or an eating disorder, talk to a parent, a doctor, or another adult you trust. Help is available, and it’s important to get treated. You can get better!

Remember, measure yourself by your great traits and loving heart — not by the size and shape of your body!

Changes to your breasts

It’s natural for girls to wonder about their breasts: Are they too big? Too small? If your breasts are large, they may get you unwanted attention. If they’re small, you may worry that they’ll never grow. Remember that your breasts don’t need to look like your friend’s breasts or a magazine model’s breasts. The world would be boring if everyone looked the same!

What happens to breasts during puberty?

Throughout puberty, you will experience changes in your breasts. The first change is developing a very small bump under the nipple. Early on, you may also notice that your breasts feel a little itchy or achy. Later on, they also may feel tender or sore during your period.

Keep in mind that it is very common for your two breasts to be different sizes, especially as they first start to grow. Other people can’t tell that your breasts are different sizes. Give your body time to grow at its own rate and in its own way. Vitamins, herbal teas, and creams — even exercises — won’t change the size of your breasts.

What about lumps and other changes?

Most of the changes your breasts will go through are normal. Let your doctor know if you find a lump or have a pain that you are not sure about. Although lumps are common in young women, keep in mind that it is very rare for the lumps to be cancer.

Should I wear a bra?

Wearing a bra can help support and protect your breasts. If you find that exercise is not as comfortable when your breasts start to grow, try wearing a sports bra with a snug fit for support.

Are you having a hard time finding a bra that fits well? Often, you can get help in a department store or special bra store. There are certain steps people there can take for measuring your body to get a good fit.

Body hair

Even before you get your first period, you will likely see new hair growing in your pubic area, under your arms, and on your legs. The hair may start out light and there won’t be a lot of it, but then it will grow darker and thicker as you go through the stages of puberty. Hair in the pubic area starts near the opening and spreads up in a V shape over time.

Body hair is normal, and some people think it looks cool. Lots of women and girls remove body hair from places such as their legs and underarms, although there is no real health reason to do so.

If you are thinking about removing hair for the first time, it makes sense to talk to your parents or guardians. They may have an opinion about how old you should be to start removing hair or advice on ways to do it.

Keep reading for some tips on ways to remove body hair.

Ways to get rid of hair

Removing body hair can cause skin irritation, cuts, and other problems. Some parts of your body, like areas around your eyes and vagina, can be especially sensitive. Also, if you have a lot of hair on your face, it could be a sign of a medical condition called PCOS.

Here are some tips to help prevent problems when using some popular ways to remove body hair.

Shaving

• Try shaving in the shower when your skin is soft.
• Use a shaving cream or gel.
• Change razors often because a sharp blade helps prevent cuts.
• Shave in the direction the hair grows.
• To avoid spreading infections, don’t share razors.

Hair removal creams, gels, and liquids (depilatories)

• These use chemicals to make the hair melt, and the chemicals can irritate your skin.
• Follow the directions carefully, and leave the product on only for the recommended amount of time.
• Don’t use these near your eyes or on skin that is already cut or irritated.
• These sometimes can cause rashes, burns, and other skin problems, so it’s a good idea to test a product on a small area the first time you use it. You might want to avoid these products if you tend to have sensitive skin (like if skin care products give you stinging, burning, or a rash).

Waxing

• Waxing involves putting cold or hot wax on skin where you want hair to be removed. A cloth is used to pull off the wax and the hair. Waxing can hurt, and it may irritate your skin.
• You can buy waxes to use yourself, or you can go to a salon professional for waxing. If you wax yourself, make sure to follow all directions that come with the product.
• You might avoid waxing if you have sensitive skin. Also, avoid waxing skin that is sunburned, chapped, irritated, or has moles or warts on it.
• It can be a good idea to do a test on a small area for allergic reaction or irritation.

Electrolysis

• In electrolysis, a professional uses an electric current to kill the hair root.
• Electrolysis can take many sessions and a lot of money.
• You could get an infection from a dirty needle or scars from poor treatments, so consider asking your doctor to recommend a trusted electrologist. You also should look for an electrologist with a current license or certification.

Laser hair removal

• Light is beamed through the skin to stop hair growth.
• The laser light can cause pain sometimes, but creams are used to numb the skin. If you use a lot of these creams, they can cause serious health problems, so talk to your doctor before having laser hair removal.
• Avoid sunlight when your skin is healing after laser removal.
• Keep in mind that laser treatment can be expensive and works best on dark hair and light skin.

Tips for removing pubic hair

In recent years, more girls and women have also begun removing all or some of the hair around their vagina. There is no need to remove the hair to keep the area clean. The decision to remove pubic hair often is based just on trends, which change over time.

If you’re thinking about removing pubic hair, keep a few facts in mind:

• Your pubic hair helps protect the sensitive lips around the opening to your vagina from painful rubbing by your underwear.
• The pubic area is very sensitive. It can easily get irritated or infected when removing hair.
• Waxing works by pulling out the hair, which can hurt.
• If you shave, you can give yourself a painful cut.
• As shaved hair grows back, it can feel itchy and uncomfortable.
• If you decide to use a hair-removal cream, make sure it says it’s gentle enough for the pubic area.
• Don’t put on any product that could sting, like aftershave lotion. To help avoid irritation, don’t use products with added dyes or fragrances.

If you have more questions about taking care of this sensitive area, talk with an adult you trust.

Changes in your mind

During puberty, changes don’t happen only to your body — changes happen in your mind, too.

• You are able to understand more complex matters.
• You are starting to make more of your own moral choices.
• You know more about who you are, and what your likes and dislikes are.
• You may have some new, strong emotions.

The teen years can seem like an emotional roller coaster, with worries about your changing looks, the demands of school, and pressure to fit in. You might feel alone on this ride, but everyone struggles with it. And some of your experiences have to do with the physical changes of this age, including shifts in your hormones and a brain that’s developing just like your body is.

A new you

Even though this can be a stressful time, it’s also a great chance to figure out who you are, what you care about, and how to value and respect the person you’re becoming!

If you’re feeling overwhelmed by some of the changes you’re going through, talking can help. Don’t be afraid to go to a parent, school counselor, or other adult you trust. They were young once, too!

What, exactly, is the female reproductive system? It is all the parts of your body involved in the process of creating babies, from your eggs (that can join with a sperm to make a baby) to your ovaries (which store the eggs) and from your uterus (where a baby grows) to your vagina (the passage to the outside).

As you grow, changes in your body can be very exciting — and sometimes scary or confusing. You can learn a lot about what to expect and how to protect your health.

If you have questions, talk to your parents or guardians, school nurse, doctor or other health care professionals, or another adult you trust. And remember, no question is silly! Most adults have probably heard these questions before — and are happy to help you stay healthy.

The female reproductive system is all the parts of your body that help you reproduce, or have babies. And it is quite amazing! Consider these two fabulous facts:

• Your body likely has hundreds of thousands of eggs that could grow into a baby. And you have them from the time you’re born.
• Right inside you is a perfect place for those eggs to meet with sperm and grow a whole human being!

What’s inside the female reproductive system?

The ovaries are two small organs. Before puberty, it’s as if the ovaries are asleep. During puberty, they “wake up.” The ovaries start making more estrogen and other hormones, which cause body changes. One important body change is that these hormones cause you to start getting your period, which is called menstruating. (Learn more about how your reproductive system works during your period.)

Once a month, the ovaries release one egg (ovum). This is called ovulation.

The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus. The released egg moves along a fallopian tube.

The uterus — or womb — is where a baby would grow. It takes several days for the egg to get to the uterus.

As the egg travels, estrogen makes the lining of the uterus (called the endometrium) thick with blood and fluid. This makes the uterus a good place for a baby to grow. You can get pregnant if you have sex with a male without birth control and his sperm joins the egg (called fertilization) on its way to your uterus.

If the egg doesn’t get fertilized, it will be shed along with the lining of your uterus during your next period. But don’t look for the egg — it’s too small to see!

The blood and fluid that leave your body during your period passes through your cervix and vagina.

The cervix is the narrow entryway in between the vagina and uterus. The cervix is flexible so it can expand to let a baby pass through during childbirth.

The vagina is like a tube that can grow wider to deliver a baby that has finished growing inside the uterus.

The hymen covers the opening of the vagina. It is a thin piece of tissue that has one or more holes in it. Sometimes a hymen may be stretched or torn when you use a tampon or during a first sexual experience. If it does tear, it may bleed a little bit.

What’s outside the vagina?

The vulva covers the entrance to the vagina. The vulva has five parts: mons pubis, labia, clitoris, urinary opening, and vaginal opening.

The mons pubis is the mound of tissue and skin above your legs, in the middle. This area becomes covered with hair when you go through puberty.

The labia are the two sets of skin folds (often called lips) on either side of the opening of the vagina.

The labia majora are the outer lips, and the labia minora are the inner lips. It is normal for the labia to look different from each other.

The clitoris is a small, sensitive bump at the bottom of the mons pubis that is covered by the labia minora.

The urinary opening, below the clitoris, is where your urine (pee) leaves the body.

The vaginal opening is the entry to the vagina and is found below the urinary opening.

Starting your period — or menstruation — is a major part of puberty and means your body now can make a baby. It also means lots of other changes are going on throughout the month.

Feeling a little confused about your period? Check out the links below to learn what your period is and when it comes. You also can skip to our pages on your menstrual cycle, PMS, how to take care of your period, and what to do if you are having period problems.

Some girls find getting their periods very exciting, and others feel uncomfortable about it. It definitely can take a little getting used to! But lots of women come to see their periods as a wonderful sign that their bodies are healthy and working the way they’re supposed to.

What is your period?

What comes out during your period is the blood and tissue that build up as the lining of your uterus each month.

Your period flow can be light, heavy, or in between. Sometimes menstrual blood also will be different shades of red, from light to dark. You may see some dark clumps or clots of blood, which is normal.

Your period may be heavy the first day or so each time and then decrease on later days.

Periods usually last between three and five days. It is normal to have periods that are shorter or longer, up to seven days. It is also normal if your periods are not the same number of days each month, especially in the first years.

If you think your period is too heavy or have other concerns about your period, see our section on period problems.

At what age do you get your first period?

Usually, girls get their periods between ages 12 and 14, but it can happen years before or after that. Don’t worry if you get your period later or earlier than your friends get theirs — that happens a lot. If you haven’t gotten your period by age 15 (or within three years of when your breasts started to grow), talk to your parents or guardians, your doctor, or another adult you trust.

What causes your period?

Natural body chemicals, or hormones, cause your ovaries to release one egg about once a month. Most months, the egg and the lining of your uterus come out of your vagina as your period. This is part of your menstrual cycle.

This cycle is what makes it possible for a woman to have a baby. During sexual intercourse, the egg can get fertilized by a male’s sperm and then attach to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) and grow into a baby.

Does your period come each month?

Menstrual cycles take place over about one month (around 21 to 34 days), but each woman’s cycle is different. Many women have a cycle that lasts 28 days. Some women may have cycles as long as 45 days.

The cycle includes not just your period, but the rise and fall of hormones and other body changes that take place over the month.

Keep in mind that your periods may not be regular at first. You may have two in one month, or have a month without a period at all. Also, at first your period may last just a couple of days in some months and up to a week in other months. Periods will become more regular in time.

To learn about your own pattern, it's a good idea to keep track of your periods on a calendar or app. Keeping track lets you:

• Get a sense of when to expect your next period
• Know if you missed a period (if it comes on a regular schedule)
• Have a record of your period schedule and when your last one came to share with your gynecologist or other health care provider

When you chart your cycle, remember that it starts with the first day of one period and goes until the first day of the next period.

Signs that you may have a vaginal infection include itching, burning, pain in or around your vagina, or a problem with your vaginal discharge (fluid). If you've had sexual contact with someone, these signs may mean that you have a sexually transmitted disease (also known as an STD or STI, which means sexually transmitted infection). Not all vaginal infections are caused by sexual contact. Keep in mind that any time you have itching, burning, or pain in or around your vagina, you need to see a doctor to get treated.

Abnormal discharge

You may wonder if the fluid, or discharge, that comes out of your vagina is a sign of infection. Discharge changes throughout your menstrual cycle, but it normally may look clear, cloudy white, or yellowish. There is no need to worry if you have normal-looking discharge. Signs of possible problems include discharge that is:

• Green or gray
• Smelly
• Foamy or lumpy

Problems with your discharge may be a sign of infection. Keep reading to learn more about vaginal infections and how to prevent them.

Types of vaginal infections

Two common vaginal infections are bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) happens when a certain kind of bacteria (a type of germ) that’s in your vagina grows too much. Possible symptoms include:

• A bad smell from your vagina that might seem “fishy”
• More discharge (fluid) than you usually have and that is gray or white
• Itching around your vagina

It’s important to see your doctor if you have symptoms. BV can be treated with antibiotics. If BV is not treated, it sometimes may cause serious health problems, such as pelvic inflammatory disease (though this is rare).

BV usually happens to people who have sex, but you can also get it without having sex. Experts don’t know exactly what causes BV. The best way to avoid BV is to avoid having sex. If you are having sex, use a condom to protect your health. Douching also increases the chances that you’ll get BV.

Yeast infections happen when a fungus (a type of germ) that’s usually in the vagina grows too much. Possible symptoms include:

• Burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and the vulva
• Pain when you urinate (pee)
• Pain during sex
• A thick, white discharge that looks like cottage cheese and does not have a bad smell
• A red rash on the outside of your vagina (this is rare)

Lots of women think they have a yeast infection when they really have something else. Before trying to treat yourself with an over-the-counter medicine, it’s important to talk with a doctor. That’s especially true if you’ve never had a yeast infection before or if you have them often.

Sometimes you may have symptoms that make you believe you have a vaginal infection, but you instead have a urinary tract infection.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) happen when bacteria get inside the parts of your body that make, store, or remove urine, like your bladder. Symptoms of a urinary tract infection include:

• Burning when you urinate (pee)
• Feeling a need to urinate often
• Feeling a strong need to urinate but only a little urine comes out
• Back or stomach pain
• Cloudy or dark urine
• Fever and chills — if that happens, tell a doctor right away
• Blood in your urine — if that happens, tell a doctor right away

Most UTIs are not serious, but some can lead to serious problems, including kidneys that don't work well. UTIs can be cured with antibiotics.

Ways to avoid vaginal infections

You can’t always prevent vaginal infections. But you can take steps to help keep your vagina (and your bladder) healthy:

• Keep your genital area clean. Wash the outside of your vagina and bottom every day with mild soap. When you go to the bathroom, wipe from the front of your body toward the back, not the other way.
• Keep your vagina cool. Bacteria love the heat! Avoid tight underwear or clothes made of synthetic fibers like rayon and polyester that can trap heat. Wear cotton or cotton-crotch underwear.
• Change out of wet bathing suits and exercise clothes as soon as possible. Bacteria like wet places, too!
• Don’t douche. Putting water or other products into your vagina removes some of the normal bacteria that protect you from infection.
• Change your underwear every day, so you don’t let germs near your vagina.
• Drink enough liquids. This can help wash out your urinary tract and help prevent infections there. You’ll know that you’re drinking enough if your urine (pee) is light yellow or almost clear.
• Avoid scented hygiene products like bubble bath, sprays, scented pads, and scented tampons. They can be irritating.

Having sex may increase your odds of some infections even if they’re not considered sexually transmitted infections. Abstinence is the safest way to avoid infections.

Help for infections

If you have pain, itching, or other symptoms around your vagina, don’t try to treat them yourself. Don’t risk your health. See a doctor or other health care professional who can figure out the cause and right treatment.

Polycystic (say: pah-lee-SIS-tik) ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormone imbalance that affects about 1 in 10 women.

What are the signs of PCOS?

Some common signs of PCOS include:

• No periods, irregular periods, or very heavy periods
• Pelvic pain
• Extra hair on your face or other parts of your body, called “hirsutism” (say: HER-soo-tism)
• Acne
• Weight gain or trouble losing weight
• Patches of dark, thick skin

If you have some of the above signs, you might have PCOS. There may be other reasons that you have one or more of these signs. See a doctor to find out the cause.

What causes PCOS?

No one knows the exact cause of PCOS. We do know that most of its symptoms come from problems with hormones, or natural body chemicals. Many girls with PCOS have too much insulin, a hormone that helps turn food into energy. Extra insulin can cause the darkened skin you may have on your neck, behind your knees, and other places.

Girls with PCOS also have extra androgens (say: AN-droh-jens). Although people often think of androgens as male hormones, females have them too. The extra androgen can lead to acne, excess body hair, weight gain, irregular periods, and other PCOS symptoms.

What tests are used to diagnose PCOS?

If you think you may have PCOS, it’s smart to see your doctor. And knowing what to expect during the appointment can make it less stressful. Here’s a list of some of what you might experience:

• Questions from your doctor about your menstrual cycle and your health
• Questions about whether other people in your family have similar symptoms
• A physical examination that includes checking your skin and measuring your body mass index (BMI) and waist size
• An examination of your genitals and possibly other parts of your reproductive system
• A blood test to check your hormone levels and blood sugar levels

Does PCOS mean I have cysts on my ovaries?

The term “polycystic ovaries” means that there are lots of tiny cysts, or little sacs, on the ovaries. Some young women with PCOS have these cysts, but many others do not. Even if you have them, they are not harmful and do not need to be removed.

Will PCOS affect my ability to have children someday?

PCOS can cause problems with fertility (ability to get pregnant), but these problems usually can be treated. Treatments include medications to lower your insulin levels and to help you ovulate — or release an egg — each month. If you are concerned about your ability to get pregnant in the future, talk to your doctor.

Does PCOS put me at risk for other conditions?

If you have PCOS, you may be at higher risk of other health problems. These include:

• Diabetes
• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• A thickening of the endometrium (say: EN-doh-MEE-tree-uhm), or the lining of the uterus, which can eventually lead to cancer if you don’t get your period regularly

Getting your PCOS symptoms under control at an early age may help reduce these risks.

What is the treatment for PCOS?

There is no cure for PCOS, but there are lots of ways to treat it. You may use a few of them or different ones at different times, depending on your symptoms.

Lifestyle changes are great ways to deal with PCOS. Eating well and staying active are important if you have PCOS. If you are overweight, losing weight may help with symptoms and may reduce health risks related to PCOS. Don’t smoke — or try to quit if you’ve started.

Birth control pills are a very common form of treatment for PCOS. Birth control pills contain hormones that can:

• Correct the PCOS hormone imbalance
• Lower the level of male hormones, which will lessen acne and hair growth
• Regulate your menstrual periods
• Lower the risk of endometrial cancer (which is higher in young women who don’t get their periods regularly)

Metformin is another medicine that may help with irregular periods and other PCOS issues. Metformin is sometimes used to help treat diabetes and may help keep your blood sugar closer to normal levels.

Anti-androgens work to reduce the effects of the male hormones on girls with PCOS. They can help clear up acne and hair growth. You can also deal with unwanted hair through electrolysis, hair removal creams, and laser treatment. There are lots of other options for treating acne.

What if I have worries about PCOS?

If you have been told you have PCOS, you may feel frustrated or sad. You may also feel relieved that at last there is an explanation for the problems you’ve been having. At the same time, having a diagnosis without an easy cure can be difficult.

Keep in mind that there are treatments for many of the problems that PCOS can cause. It is important to find a doctor who knows a lot about PCOS. You also want to feel comfortable with that person. Also, try to keep a positive attitude. And working on a healthy lifestyle, even when results take a long time, can help a lot, too!

Remember that you are not alone. Many girls with PCOS say that talking with a counselor about their concerns can be very helpful.

Having a healthy lifestyle through ups and downs is the first step to living well with PCOS!

Going to see a gynecologist — a doctor who focuses on women’s reproductive health — means you’re taking responsibility for your body in new ways. It can be very exciting to know you’re making sure all is going well with puberty, your reproductive system, and more.

Keep in mind that other doctors also can help with gynecological issues. For example, an adolescent medicine specialist, family doctor, or pediatrician can answer questions and may be able to examine your vagina, too.

Of course, it can be stressful to deal with a whole new type of doctor’s visit, but learning more can help you know what to expect.

Why see a gynecologist?

Seeing a gynecologist can:

• Help you understand your body and how to care for it
• Give you and the doctor a sense of what is normal for you so you can notice any problem changes, like signs of a vaginal infection
• Let the doctor find problems early so they can be treated
• Explain what a normal vaginal discharge should look like and what could be a sign of a problem
• Teach you how to protect yourself if you have sex

Your gynecologist can answer any questions you have about the many changes that may be happening to your body. It’s great to build a relationship with your gynecologist over the years so he or she understands your health and what matters to you.

When do I need to go?

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that teenage girls start seeing a gynecologist between the ages of 13 and 15.

If you don’t go at that time, you should make sure to visit a gynecologist, adolescent health specialist, or other health professional who can take care of women’s reproductive health if:

• You have ever had sex (vaginal, oral, or anal) or intimate sexual contact
• It has been three months or more since your last period and you haven’t gotten it again
• You have stomach pain, fever, and fluid coming from your vagina that is yellow, gray, or green with a strong smell — all of which are possible signs of a serious condition called pelvic inflammatory disease(PID) that needs immediate treatment
• You are having problems with your period, like a lot of pain, bleeding heavily, or bleeding for longer than usual, or it has stopped coming regularly
• You have not gotten your period by the age of 15 or within three years of when your breasts started to grow
• You’ve had your period for two years and it’s still not regular or comes more than once a month
• You are having sex and missed your period

What will happen at the visit?

It’s understandable if you’re nervous about your first visit. Keep in mind that part of the time will be spent just talking. Your doctor may ask questions about you and your family to learn if you have a history of illnesses. And you can ask the doctor any questions you might have. Don’t worry — your doctor probably has already heard every question imaginable! You can talk about any concerns you have, including:

• Cramps and questions about periods
• Acne
• Weight issues
• Feeling depressed
• Sexually transmitted diseases or STDs (also known as sexually transmitted infections or STIs)
• Drinking, using drugs, or smoking

If you are sexually active, tell your doctor. You likely will need to be tested for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) like HIV and chlamydia. STDs (also called STIs or sexually transmitted infections) are common among young people. Plus, you can have an STD without having any symptoms. Don’t let any possible embarrassment put your health — or your life — at risk.

During your visit, your doctor will probably go through some of the usual items on a doctor’s checkup checklist, like weighing you and measuring your blood pressure. He or she also may check the outside of your genitals and do a breast exam. It’s common for young women to have some lumpiness in their breasts, but your doctor may want to make sure you don’t have problem lumps or pain.

You may have heard of Pap tests and pelvic exams and wonder if you need them. Most likely you won’t need either of these until you’re 21. If you are sexually active or have symptoms like an unusual vaginal fluid or a history of problems, there’s a chance your doctor may choose to do one or both of these. It’s helpful, then, to know what to expect.

A pelvic exam usually involves the doctor examining the outside of your genital area (the vulva). It may also involve the doctor using a tool called a speculum to look inside your vagina and check to make sure your cervix is healthy. Frequently, he or she also will feel inside to make sure organs like your ovaries and uterus feel okay. You probably will feel pressure, but it shouldn’t hurt. Try to relax — breathing deeply can help.

A Pap test is done by gently taking some cells from your cervix. These cells are checked for changes that could be cancer or that could turn into cancer.

If you haven’t already had the HPV vaccine, ask your doctor about it. It helps guard against the human papillomavirus, which can cause genital warts and is the major cause of cervical cancer.

You have options to make your visit more comfortable:

• During the exam, if the doctor is a man, a female nurse or assistant should also be in the room. You can also ask if you can see a female doctor.
• You can ask to have your mom, sister, or a friend stay in the room with you during the visit if that would help.
• You can ask questions about what’s going to happen so you know what to expect.
• You can ask the doctor about keeping things you discuss private.

Taking care of your health is a huge sign that you are growing up. Be proud of yourself for learning information that can protect your health.

Sexual orientation means the kind of person you are romantically and physically drawn to.

What are some types of sexual orientation?

You may have heard a few different terms describing sexual orientation. Here's some basic info that can help.

Heterosexual: People who are heterosexual are attracted to members of the "opposite" sex. Heterosexual guys are attracted to girls, and heterosexual girls are attracted to guys. Heterosexuals are sometimes called straight.

Homosexual: People who are homosexual are attracted to people of the same sex. Girls who are attracted to other girls are often called lesbians. Homosexuals also sometimes are called gay.

Bisexual: People who are bisexual are romantically and physically attracted to both guys and girls.

What about "transgender"? Transgender isn't a sexual orientation. It has to do with gender — whether you are male or female. People who are transgender say that the gender of their body does not match who they feel they are as a person. In other words, a person may feel like a male who was born into a female body. Some transgender people have surgery to change their bodies to fit who they feel they are.

Curious about "queer"? "Queer" means a person is something other than heterosexual. At one time, some straight people used the word as an insult. Now, some non-straight people use it with pride. Not sure how someone feels about it? Ask.

Could I be gay?

If you're having romantic or sexual feelings toward other girls, you may wonder if you are gay. It's normal to have these feelings, and it's natural to wonder what they mean. It just may take time to figure out whether you are mostly attracted to guys, girls, or both.  

Keep in mind that scientists say that people do not choose their sexual orientation. They say it's just a part of who a person is.

If you are concerned about your sexual orientation, talk to someone you trust. Also, you can get help if you're feeling stressed about telling others you're gay or if you're being bullied. If you feel like you are going to hurt yourself, reach out right away to an adult, like your parents. If you are having trouble talking with your parents, try a trusted adult like a teacher or school counselor. You also can visit The Trevor Project by chat, text, or phone (866-488-7386). And please don't turn to drugs or alcohol to cope — they will only make life harder. Remember, things can get better!

What are some lesbian health issues?

Adult lesbians may be more likely to have certain health problems than straight women. These include obesity, smoking, drinking too much, and emotional distress. You can start now to take steps to stay healthy and strong. Build great habits like eating right and staying active. You also can work with a doctor to learn more about lesbian health.

Some people think that lesbians don't have to see a gynecologist. They do! Some people also think that if you have sex with a girl, you can't get a STD, or sexually transmitted disease (also known as an STI). You definitely can.

Are you wondering about having children? Lots of lesbian women are able to become moms and raise healthy, happy children.

What are signs of healthy same-sex relationships?

The signs of healthy dating relationships are the same in a straight or a same-sex relationship. Basically, you are liked and respected for who you truly are. You can get more info on healthy same-sex relationships and how to get help if your relationship is unhealthy.

What if I have a gay or transgender parent?

The number of nontraditional families, like families with two dads or two moms, is growing in the United States. Sometimes, these families are easily welcomed in their communities, but sometimes kids from these families may be bullied. Talk to an adult you trust if you need help.

Keep in mind that experts say that children of gay or lesbian parents are not more likely to have emotional problems or bad relationships than other kids. Also, kids who have a gay parent are not more likely to be gay than kids with straight parents.

Thinking about romance, starting to date, and feeling attraction all can be incredibly cool — and a little intense.

As you start dating, think about what you’re looking for. A solid relationship comes from being with someone who supports you, trusts you, and appreciates you for who you are. You want someone who deserves you!

As you start thinking about love and sex, don’t forget to focus on feeling good about yourself. Take good care of your body. See a doctor if you are having sex. Talk to your parent or guardian, doctor, or another trusted adult if you have questions.

When it comes to deciding about kissing and more, remember that so much of what you see on TV and hear in songs is not real or healthy. And remember that there are lots of ways to show affection other than sex. Don’t do anything that makes you uncomfortable. You’ll probably remember these exciting days for many years, and you want to remember them happily! Keep reading to learn more.

Talking with your partner about sex

Anyone you’re seriously thinking about having sex with should be someone you can talk to about it. Talk about what kind of birth control you would use to protect yourselves from pregnancy and STDs (sexually transmitted diseases, also called sexually transmitted infections).

Are you worried that you’ll sound like you’re accusing your partner of having an STD? You can focus instead on protecting your health and respecting each other’s feelings.

It’s a good idea to talk about all this at a time and in a place where you’re comfortable and won’t be interrupted. It’s a great idea to do this while your clothes are still on!

It’s not too late to stop having sex

Some people feel like once they’ve had sex there’s no turning back. That’s not true. You don’t have to feel bad about yourself if you regret having sex. Everybody makes mistakes — that’s just part of learning. But it doesn’t make sense to keep doing something that feels wrong to you.

Could I be gay?

If you’re having feelings of romantic or physical attraction to other girls, you may wonder if you are gay. It’s natural as you develop to wonder about these feelings, and it may take time to figure out whether you are attracted to guys, girls, or both. Keep in mind that being attracted to girls is normal. Also, keep in mind that having a gay or lesbian parent or sibling doesn’t mean you are gay. Read more about sexual orientation.

If you’re feeling concerned about your sexual orientation, talk to someone you trust. Also, if you’re feeling stressed about telling others you’re gay or if you’re being bullied about being gay, you can get help. If you feel like you are going to hurt yourself, reach out right away to an adult, a friend, or a counselor. Things can get better. You can visit The Trevor Project or call 866-488-7386 for help.

If you are going to have sex with another girl, keep in mind that women who have sex with women are at risk for many of the same STDs as women who have sex with men. Also, if you are a lesbian, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor about protecting your overall health. Lesbians are more likely to have certain health problems, like obesity, smoking, and depression, so make sure you learn how to stay healthy and strong.

Dating older guys

If you date someone even a few years older than you, the chances go up that your partner will want to have sex before you feel ready. Also, if you have sex with a man who is legally an adult and you’re underage, he could go to jail. Laws for this are different in each state.

Staying safe when dating

You should always feel physically and emotionally safe in a dating relationship. Consider some of the advice below to take good care of yourself.

Remember that you deserve to make your own decisions about sex and not feel rushed or pressured. You don’t owe anyone sex, whether they pressure you by being nasty or by being nice! Sometimes in an unhealthy relationship a partner may try to get you pregnant even though you’re not ready. Remember that it’s your body and your future! Learn about getting out of unhealthy relationships.

When you go out on a date, take your cell phone and cab money with you. That way you can leave if you start to feel uncomfortable. It is also a good idea to make an agreement with your parents that you can call them at any time, no questions asked, if you need help or are feeling unsafe.

Sex you don’t agree to is rape, whether it’s with a stranger or a date. Rape includes forcing a body part or object into your vagina, rectum (bottom), or mouth. Learn more about rape and sexual assault. If someone forces you to do anything sexually, tell a trusted adult or call the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-4673 (HOPE).

To stay safe in a dating situation, it’s a good idea to avoid drugs and alcohol. They make it more likely you’ll do something you would never otherwise do, like have unprotected sex. And remember that someone can slip a date rape drug into your drink, so keep it with you at all times.

Protect yourself on the Internet and in text messages. You may think “sexting,” or sending sexy photos or messages, is private. But messages can be traced back to you, and you can even get in legal trouble for sending or forwarding them. Whatever you send can get passed around and can stay out there forever. Keep in mind that your parents, classmates, teachers, and possible future employers could wind up seeing it. If someone dares you to send this kind of message, think about why they’re doing it — and what you have to lose!

Treat your body with the respect it deserves — and make sure others do, too!

What about masturbation?

You may have heard about or tried masturbation (which basically means giving yourself sexual pleasure). There are lots of opinions about masturbation. From a medical point of view, experts say it’s almost always not a problem — unless it’s interfering with your responsibilities or your social life. Plus, they say, it can be a way to release tension and learn about your body.

Romance can make your heart pound and your tummy flip. If you're confused or concerned, we can help! Keep reading for answers to common questions about teen dating.

When do teens start dating? 

There is no right age for teens to start dating. Every person is different. Lots of teens enjoy just hanging out in a group. Here are some tips for thinking about when you might start seeing someone:

Ask yourself:

• Do I know what I want in a person I date?
• Is this right for me, or do I just want to do whatmy friends are doing?
• Am I doing this because I like someone, or becauseI like the idea of having someone?
• Can I handle tough feelings like jealousy?
• Do I know what I'm ready for in terms of physicalstuff?
• Do I know how I'd say no to sex?

Talk to your parents or guardians about starting to date. They may have rules about things likewhen you can be alone with a date. If you don't like therules, ask calmly about changing them. Staying calm showsthat you're getting more mature. Read about talkingwith parents.

What is a healthy dating relationship?

Healthy dating relationships start with the samethings that all healthy relationshipsstart with. You can take a quick quiz to helpsee if your relationship is one to love or one to lose.

You can read some top tips for a healthy datingrelationship.

Dating relationships also are different fromother relationships. You may have strong feelingsof attraction and other intense feelings. You may even wantto spend all of your time together. Try to spend some timeapart, though. That way you can connect with other peoplewho care about you, too. And you'll have time for goals andactivities that matter to you.

Is it true love?

Love involves really knowing someone, respectingthem, trusting them, and caring about their happiness.It's great when it happens, but it usually takes time!Read more about falling inlove.

What about dating and sexual feelings?

Sexual feelings can be strong, and you may feelconfused. Keep in mind that the sex in movies,music, and TV shows often doesn't reflect real or healthyrelationships. So how do you know what's right? Trust yourinstincts and treat yourself with respect — and make sureyour crush does, too.

You have a lot to think about.Girlshealth.gov can help. In our section on dating and sexualfeelings, you can read about deciding about sex, why waiting makessense, talking to your partner about sex, birth control, andmore.

Talk with the other person ahead of time aboutwhat you will and will not do physically. Waitinguntil the heat of the moment to try to cool things downdoesn't work as well.

The person you're with should always respectyour right to say no. If you think someone is nottreating you with respect, learn more about safety inrelationships.

What about hooking up? Different peoplemean different things when they say "hooking up." Usually,though, it means doing something sexual with somebodyyou're not dating. Have you heard that hooking up could befun? Well, hooking up can have some serious downsides.These include feeling embarrassed or upset afterward,getting pregnant, and getting a sexually transmitted disease (also known as an STI).

Fast facts about sex

• Do you think most teens are having sex? Thetruth is that about 6 in 10 girls ages 15 to 19 have never had sex.
• Do you think sexually transmitted diseases (STDs, or STIs) don't happen to teens? The truth is1 out of 4 teen girls has an STD.

Should I date someone close to my age?

It's best to date someone close to your own age. Hereare some reasons why:

• Someone older may be more mature and ready for adifferent kind of relationship.
• Dating someone older increases the odds that yourpartner will want to have sex before you're ready.
• Younger girls who date older guys are more likelyto face an unwanted pregnancy.
• A guy who is legally an adult could get sent toprison if he has sex with you and you're underage. Thatcould happen even if you are 17 and he is 18, dependingon the law in your state.

How can I stay safe when dating?

Dating can be a great way to get to knowsomeone — and to get to know what you want from arelationship. Plus, it can be a lot of fun! But it's notfun to feel scared. 

You can take steps to stay safewhenever you go out with someone. For example, try gettingto know a person by talking at school or on the phonefirst. You also can go out with a group of friends to apublic place. If the two of you go out alone, tell yourparents or guardians who you are going with and where. Andfollow your parents' rules for things like curfew, sincethose often are set for your safety. You can read moredatingsafety tips, including info on sexting.

Dating dangers

Anyone you date should treat your body andyour feelings with respect.

If you think the personyou're dating is abusive, get help. Talk toyour parents or guardians or other adult you trust. Youcan get help through loveisrespect.orgby chat, by texting "loveis" to 22522, or by phone at866-331-9474. You also can read about signs of anunhealthyrelationship.

Remember that sex you don't agree to isrape. Rape is acrime. It is never your fault, no matter the situation.If you have been raped, contact the National Sexual Assault Hotline online or at 800-656-HOPE (800-656-4673).

Breakups can be so hard! We can help you get through them.

How do I get over a breakup? 

You may feel awful after a breakup. In fact, scientists say breaking up mayhave the same effects in a person's brain as getting off adrug like cocaine! But time really does help healwounds.

Sometimes, people blame themselves too much fora breakup. Just because this relationship didn'twork out doesn't mean there's something wrong with you. Itjust means this wasn't a good fit. Try to remember what'sgreat about you.

Keep doing things you love. This mightinclude hanging out with friends or writing in a journal.Learn ways to cope when you're feeling sad.

Give yourself a break. If therelationship is over, try to move on. Don't check your ex'ssocial media accounts or find excuses to be in touch alot.

How do I break up with someone?

Ending an abusive relationship

If you are ending an abusiverelationship, you need to take special steps tostay safe. Learn more about leaving an abuser.

Here are some tips to help make a breakup easier — andkinder.

• Remember your rights. You deserveto have the kind of relationship you want. It's OK tobreak up if this one isn't working for you.
• Remember the other's person'sfeelings. Say what's true for you, but gently.Avoid blaming, complaining, or yelling. If you'refeeling angry, try to calmdown before talking.
• Plan ahead. Think about what tosay so you're not on the spot. You might practice witha trusted adult.
• Face the person. Breaking uponline or by text may seem easier, but think about howthat must feel. Plus, when a person can't see your faceor hear your voice, there's a greater chance ofmisunderstandings.
• Leave others out. Don't spreadnasty gossip or blab on social media. Meanness likelywill lower other people's respect for you — and yourrespect for yourself!
• Think back. Was there anythinggood about this relationship? Tell your partner whatworked.
• Think ahead. What can you learnfrom this about the kind of relationship you'd like tohave in the future?

You may hear so many messages suggesting that it’s a good idea to have sex, from songs on the radio to talk at school. You may also feel curious about sex or have a strong attraction to someone.

Deciding to have sex is a big deal, though, so think it through. You could wind up with an unplanned pregnancy. You could also catch an STD, or sexually transmitted disease (also known as an STI, or sexually transmitted infection).

Having sex before you’re ready can seriously hurt your relationship — and your feelings. Few people regret waiting to have sex, but many wish they hadn’t started early.

Keep in mind that even if you’ve already had sex, you can still choose to stop. Read on to see why abstinence — not having sex — makes a lot of good sense.

Unplanned pregnancy

Getting pregnant before you’re ready can be a huge shock. The emotional stress and money worries of raising a baby can be a lot even for an older couple. Imagine what your life would be like if you had to get up with a baby in the night and take care of it every day!

Abstinence is the safest way to prevent the challenges that come with teen pregnancy. Check out some of these facts about teen pregnancy:

• Teen mothers are less likely to finish high school.
• Teen moms are more likely to be — and stay — single parents.
• Babies born to teen moms face greater health risks.
• Teen moms face health risks, too, including possibly being obese later in life.
• Teen moms are at a higher risk of being poor.
• Kids of teen moms are more likely to have problems in school and with the police.

If you do get pregnant, remember that you need to take care of yourself. Be sure to see a doctor. Get help from a trusted adult, like your parents, grandparents, or school counselor.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

Sexually transmitted diseases, or STDs (also known as sexually transmitted infections or STIs) are a huge problem among young people.

Consider some reasons that abstinence makes sense in staying safe from STDs:

• One in 4 teen girls has an STD.
• Condoms decrease the risk of STDs, but they are not 100 percent effective. This is especially true for STDs that can spread just by skin-to-skin contact, such as herpes, which has no cure.
• Having an STD increases your chances of getting HIV, too, and there is no cure for HIV.
• Some STDs have no symptoms, so you can’t know if your partner is infected. A partner with no symptoms can still give the STD to you, though.
• Some STDs have no symptoms, so you can’t know if you have them, but they can cause serious health problems. These problems include trouble getting pregnant when you are ready to have a baby.

What if I don’t have “real” sex?

Different people may have different definitions of abstinence. Some think it means not having sexual intercourse, but others think it means avoiding other sexual acts, too. Experts say complete abstinence — not having vaginal, oral, and anal sex — is safest. Consider these facts:

• Even if you don’t have intercourse but semen (cum) gets in your vagina, there’s a chance you could get an STD or get pregnant.
• You can get some STDs from oral sex.
• It’s easier to get some STDs from anal sex than from vaginal sex.

Avoiding intimate sexual contact, including skin-to-skin genital contact, is the only sure way to prevent all STDs and pregnancy. If you are having sexual contact, though, it’s super-smart to use a condom.

Also keep in mind that acts like oral sex are intimate acts. Try to think about whether you want to do something intimate before you do it. Think about having respect for yourself and having the respect of your partner.

Stats on sex

As you consider whether abstinence is right for you, consider some research on what teens think about sex.

Sex by the numbers

Check out some fast facts about sex.

Do lots of teens wish they could slow down their sex lives? Yes.

Do many girls wish they had waited to have sex? Yes.

Do teens think boys get the message that abstinence is okay? No.

Sources: Kaiser Family Foundation and the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy

Ways to stick to abstinence

It’s not always easy to abstain from sex. It can help to make a plan ahead of time and get support from people you trust. You might try talking with your parents/guardians about sex to see if they have advice. You also might keep in mind the reasons you made the choice to be abstinent.

Don’t be afraid to take a stand with your partner. If you are close enough with someone to consider having sex, you should be close enough to talk about the decision. If you and your partner can’t agree, then you might think about whether you’d be better off with someone whose beliefs are closer to your own.

Your own body may tell you to give up on abstinence. Remember that your body is not in charge! Remind yourself of the possible physical, emotional, and financial costs of having sex before you’re really ready.

Consider these tips for staying abstinent:

• Get involved. Some people find it helps to get involved in activities that let them focus on something other than sex, like volunteering or joining a sports team.
• Get together. When you hang out with your date, it can help to hang out in a group. Also, try not to spend a lot of time in secluded places with no one else around or at someone’s house when no adults are home.
• Get out. Always take a cell phone and cab or bus money in case you want to get out of an uncomfortable situation.
• Practice. Think about how to say “no” ahead of time, so you don’t have to come up with replies on the spot.
• Stay sober. Drugs and alcohol can make you more likely to do something you otherwise never would.

Sex talk

Maybe your partner says, “If you love me, you’ll have sex with me.” It’s just not true. You don’t have to have sex with someone to prove you care. Sharing time, thoughts, feelings, and mutual respect are what make a relationship strong. And don’t ever feel like you owe your date anything sexually because that person spent money on you. You don’t owe that person anything — except “thank you”!

It can be really helpful to talk to your parents or guardians about sex and healthy relationships. It can be tough being a teen, and your parents and caregivers can be a great source of love and support.

Before getting started, think about what you want from the conversation. Do you want basic info, advice, or help getting birth control? Knowing what you want can make it easier to get it. You might even take some notes or write down some questions.

Not sure how to get the conversation started? Consider these tips for talking to your parents about sex:

• Use a TV show or movie as a way into the topic.
• Start out with less awkward questions, like "What age did you start dating?" Then work your way up to the complicated ones, such as "When did you and your friends first start talking about sex?"
• Use girlshealth.gov as a starting point to talk to your parents. You might show them what you’ve read or send them a link.
• Think about what you might say before starting to talk, so you don’t get tongue-tied. Find a time when you’re both not busy and distracted.
• Cut the stress by saying honestly that you feel a little uncomfortable.
• If it’s easier, get started with a text, email, or IM.

Do you think your parents or guardians don’t want to talk about sex? You may just find out they’re happy to have the chance to support you and help you figure out what’s best for you.

Have you been thinking about having sex? How do you decide? We’ve got some great info for you.

What is sex?

Here are some key points about sex and “fooling around”:

• When people say “sex,” they usually mean sexual intercourse, or a man putting his penis in a woman’s vagina.
• There are other types of sexual contact, like touching a partner’s genitals. These also are very personal acts and are worth thinking about in a serious way.
• It’s possible to get pregnant if a guy ejaculates (“comes”) on the outside of your vagina.
• You can get some STDs (sexually transmitted diseases, also called sexually transmitted infections or STIs) from giving or receiving oral sex or from genital-to-genital contact that isn’t intercourse. Using a condom can help protect you. 
• Above all, don’t do anything sexual that doesn’t feel right to you!

R-E-S-P-E-C-T

In one study, young women were more likely than young men to do something sexual that their partner wanted to do even though they didn’t like doing it. What’s up with that? You can say “no” and take control of your body!

Ways to decide if you’re ready for sex

If you are deciding about sex, you’ve got a lot to think about. And it makes sense to do your thinking in advance — not when you’re swept up in the excitement of the moment.

Think about your values, deepest feelings, and future goals. Remember that having sex with someone is no guarantee that you’ll stay together. Not even having a baby together guarantees that. And as much as you care what the other person thinks, it’s what you think that really matters!

For teens, not having sex — abstinence — makes good sense. That’s partly because your chances of staying safe from unplanned pregnancy and HIV and other STDs are better if you wait. It’s also partly because being older can help you handle the strong emotional aspects of sex. Just because your body seems ready doesn’t mean that you are!

If you need help, talk to your parents or guardians, doctor, or another adult you trust.

Questions to ask yourself about sex

Here are some questions you can ask yourself to help decide about sex:

• Do you really feel ready to have sex and not just excited about the idea?
• Do you really trust and feel safe with your partner?
• Are you feeling pressure — from friends, your partner, or even yourself — or is this something that’s really right for you?
• Are you doing this because you think everyone else is? (More than half of high schoolers haven’t had sex yet.)
• Do you feel really nervous — not just a little worried but really concerned or scared?
• Can you talk to your partner about preventing pregnancy and STDs?
• Do you know what to do help prevent pregnancy and STDs?
• Do you know what you would do if you got pregnant?
• How would you feel if other people found out you had sex?

Remember, you’re in charge of your body and your life!

Birth control (also called contraception) may seem confusing and overwhelming. If you think you’re ready to have sex, though, you need to be ready to protect your body and your future. It may be tempting to have sex without birth control, but that can cause serious problems.

Remember, if you feel close enough with someone to have sex, you should feel close enough to discuss birth control — even if it makes you feel a little uncomfortable.

There are lots of possible questions about birth control. It’s a good idea to talk with your parents or another adult you trust, such as your doctor or nurse, before you have sex.

To help you get started, we’ve answered some common questions about birth control below.

What do I need to know about birth control?

The more you know about birth control, the more you can take charge of protecting yourself. Here are some key points:

• Not having sex — abstinence — is the only sure way to prevent pregnancy or a sexually transmitted disease (STD) (also known as a sexually transmitted infection or STI).
• All types of birth control can fail. Some fail more than others, and some work very well. For example, the intrauterine device (IUD) works almost 100% of the time. Learn about the different types of birth control and how well they work.
• Whatever type of birth control you choose, use it right and every time to be safest.
• If you’re not sure how to use your birth control, ask a doctor or nurse. It’s worth a little embarrassment to avoid serious problems.
• Male latex condoms (or synthetic ones) are the best protection against STDs. And even they don’t fully protect against all STDs.
• It’s important to use condoms and another birth control method for both STD protection and pregnancy prevention.

How does birth control work?

During vaginal sex, the man’s penis goes into the woman’s vagina, which leads to her reproductive organs, including her uterus, or womb. When the man ejaculates (“comes”), his penis spurts semen, which contains millions of sperm. The sperm swim up into the woman’s uterus and fallopian tubes. If a sperm joins with an egg from the woman, she will become pregnant. There’s also a chance a woman can get pregnant if her partner’s sperm gets on the outside of her vagina and then swims inside.

Most birth control methods work either by preventing the egg from being released or by stopping the sperm from getting to the egg. Learn more about the different types of birth control and how they work.

Do I need to see a doctor to get birth control?

Only condoms, contraceptive sponges, spermicides, and some kinds of emergency contraception are sold in stores like supermarkets and drugstores. All other kinds of birth control require a visit to a health care professional. Some people get contraception at a family planning clinic, where services are confidential (kept private) and often cost less or are free. You can find a family planning clinic online.

In the United States, most insurance companies have to pay for the whole cost of an appointment to talk to your doctor about birth control and for most types of birth control your doctor prescribes.

If you are having sex, you should see a health care professional regularly to protect your health even if you aren’t going for birth control.

What doesn’t work to prevent pregnancy?

It’s very tempting to try to avoid getting pregnant without having to deal with some of the hassles of birth control. Check out the box below to see what some girls think prevents pregnancy — and whether they’re headed for trouble.

Why do teens sometimes not use birth control?

There are a number of reasons teens sometimes don’t use birth control. Check out some common ones and why they don’t make good sense.

• Some young women think they are not likely to get pregnant. Unfortunately, 3 out of 4 pregnancies among girls 15 to 19 are not planned.
• Some young people are afraid their parents will find out they’re having sex. If you get birth control from a doctor, ask about keeping the information private. Of course, if you get pregnant, chances are good that your parents will find out.
• You might be afraid of what your partner will think. Anyone worth sharing sex with should be willing to talk about staying safe.
• Some people think that using a birth control method now will not allow them to get pregnant when they are ready to have a baby. The truth is that nearly all kinds of birth control stop working right away when you stop using them. And condoms can actually protect your ability to have a baby later by helping to prevent STDs that can hurt your reproductive system.

Whatever the possible reasons to avoid birth control, there are so many more reasons to use it. Teens who get pregnant face a huge number of challenges, including possibly having their partner leave them, dropping out of school, and taking care of a baby’s many needs.

What if I need birth control in an emergency?

Emergency contraception (EC) is birth control used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex. Women sometimes seek emergency contraception if they didn’t use birth control, if their birth control failed (like if the condom broke), or if they were forced to have sex.

Mainly, emergency contraception works by preventing your body from releasing an egg.

Here’s some important information about emergency contraception:

• Emergency contraception sometimes is called the “morning-after pill.” It really shouldn’t be, though. You actually should take it as soon as possible after unprotected sex.
• Emergency contraception is only for emergencies. It is not meant as a regular means of birth control.
• You can get emergency contraception in a hospital emergency room, a family planning clinic, and many drugstores.
• There’s a chance you can still get pregnant if you use emergency contraception. If more than seven days pass after you expect to get your period, you should take a pregnancy test.
• Don’t use emergency contraception if you are already pregnant. If you are already pregnant, EC will not stop or harm your pregnancy.
• Emergency contraception does not protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs, also called sexually transmitted infections or STIs).
• Emergency contraception may not work as well if you are obese. Talk with your doctor and check your Body Mass Index if you think you may be obese.

There are different types of emergency contraception:

• Plan B One-Step pill and similar generic versions, such as Next Choice One Dose
  • You should take Plan B One-Step or generic versions as soon as possible within three days (72 hours) after unprotected sex.
  • You do not need a prescription from a doctor or proof of your age to buy these.
  • These are on the drugstore shelf. If you don’t see them, ask the pharmacist for help.
• Levonorgestrel tablets (two-pill generic Next Choice and LNG tablets 0.75 mg)
  • You take the first pill as soon as possible within 3 days (72 hours) after unprotected sex. You take the second pill 12 hours later.
  • If you are under 17, you need a prescription for these pills.
  • Even if you are over 17, you need to ask for them because they are kept behind the pharmacy counter.
• ella
  • You take ella as soon as possible within five days (120 hours) after unprotected sex.
  • You need a prescription for ella.

Are you having sex or thinking about it? If so, you owe it to yourself and your partner to think about the kind of birth control that will best help you prevent pregnancy.

As you think about birth control, consider:

• How well each kind works
• Which kind you’re likely to use correctly and every time
• Whether it can help protect you from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs, also called sexually transmitted infections or STIs).

Remember that other than complete abstinence, no form of birth control works perfectly to prevent pregnancy.

Condoms are the only form of birth control that can help protect against STDs. Remember to use condoms correctly and every time you have sex. (See more info on condoms in our birth control chart.)

It's important to use a condom together with another type of birth control, like the birth control pill, patch, implant, or IUD, to help prevent both pregnancy and STDs.

Have you heard that condoms make sex less pleasurable? Well, in a recent survey, people who used a condom and people who didn’t use one had no real difference in their ratings of pleasure. So, go ahead and enjoy the great safety benefits of a condom!

Whatever type of birth control you use, make sure to read and follow all instructions carefully. If you have questions, allergies, or any special concerns, make sure to talk with a health care professional. This is no time to be shy!

Your doctor or nurse also can help you figure out which kind of birth control might be right for you. This is an important decision, so it makes sense to get input from your parents or guardians or other trusted adults, too.

You can also think about some questions:

• Do you feel okay putting something into your vagina, like a sponge?
• Can you see your doctor to have something put in for you, like an IUD?
• Can you remember to do what you need, like bringing condoms with you or taking a pill at the right time every day?
• Would you like something you can just leave in and not have to remember, like an IUD or implant?
• Do you mind taking hormones (with hormonal methods like the pill)?
• Do you feel okay having something on your skin, like a patch?
• Do you smoke? Smoking increases the risks of certain types of birth control. (Try to quit smoking to be healthier anyway!)
• Are you concerned about side effects? Keep in mind that some side effects are not very likely to happen while others are more common. Talk to your doctor or nurse about any concerns.

Take a look at the alphabetical chart below to learn more about some popular types of birth control. Keep in mind that this chart is in alphabetical order to make it easy to use. The types at the top are not there because they are best. Some of the most effective types of birth control are the implantable rod, IUD, and shot.

Cervical cap

Contraceptive sponge

Diaphragm

Female condom

Implantable rod

Intrauterine device: copper type

Intrauterine device: hormonal type

Male condom

Oral contraception: combination pill

Oral contraception: progestin-only pill

Patch

Shot

Vaginal ring

“Can I get pregnant if I fooled around with my clothes on?” “Can I get pregnant from kissing?” “Can I get pregnant from oral sex?” We hear lots of questions like these about what causes pregnancy. (And the answers to the questions above are no, no, and no!)

If you are concerned or confused, we are here to help. 

What causes pregnancy?

Here are some basic facts of (making) life:

Pregnancy happens when a male’s sperm joins with (fertilizes) a female’s egg.

For you to get pregnant, sperm has to get into your vagina. Sperm can get into your vagina a few different ways. 

• Sperm is in the fluid (sometimes called “ejaculate” or “cum”) that spurts out when a guy ejaculates (“comes”). The main way sperm get into the vagina is when a guy ejaculates during sexual intercourse.
• Sperm also sometimes can get into the vagina in pre-ejaculate (“pre-cum”). This is a little bit of fluid that leaks out during sex before a guy ejaculates. A guy wouldn’t know that pre-ejaculate was leaking out. That means you could get pregnant even if he pulls his penis out before he ejaculates.
• Sperm can get into your vagina even if you’re not having sexual intercourse. This can happen if sperm get on the outside of your vagina and swim inside.

For you to get pregnant, one of your eggs has to be in the right place at the right time. You can read all about how an egg is released during your menstrual cycle and how the female reproductive system works. Keep in mind that:

• It’s hard to know exactly when an egg is released, which means that avoiding sex at certain times of the month is not a very reliable way to avoid pregnancy.
• You can get pregnant if you don’t have regular periods.
• You can even get pregnant during your period!

What doesn’t cause pregnancy?

Kissing, hugging, and rubbing clothed bodies don’t cause pregnancy. The only time pregnancy can happen is when sperm can get to an egg. (Read more on how that can happen in the section above.)

Of course, touching, and other kinds of fooling around are pretty personal, and they definitely can affect your feelings and relationships even if they can’t cause pregnancy. Plus, it can be hard to stop before having sex if you’re in the heat of the moment. It’s a good idea to think in advance about what you want and don’t want to do sexually. You can read more about deciding about sex and why waiting makes sense.

You may have heard lots of rumors about ways to have sex to avoid pregnancy. Make sure you have reliable info. For example, you should know that:

• A plastic bag or wrap does not work in place of a condom.
• Jumping up and down after sex does not stop sperm from getting to an egg.
• Using certain positions during sex does not prevent pregnancy.

What's the difference between STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) and STIs (sexually transmitted infections)? They are really the same thing. So why do some doctors use the word "infections" instead of "diseases"? Because the word "diseases" can make people think of having an obvious problem — but many STDs often have no signs or symptoms.

It can be hard to think about illness when you're feeling attracted to someone. But STDs are serious stuff, and you owe it to yourself to know the facts.

STDs spread very easily, and young people have been hit hard by them. In fact, 1 out of 4 teenage girls has an STD.

Untreated STDs can cause some scary health problems. These include problems with your reproductive system, like not being able to have children when you want to. And they include pain, cancer, and permanent damage to your body.

Common STDs (STIs)

Symptoms of STDs (also called STIs or sexually transmitted infections) include itching, sores on the outside of your vagina, pain when you urinate, and an abnormal vaginal discharge (like a smelly fluid). But you also can have no symptoms, which is why it's important to get tested if you're having sex. Read more about symptoms of common STDs like herpes and chlamydia as well as STD tests and treatments.

What are STDs (STIs)?

Sexually transmitted diseases or STDs (also called sexually transmitted infections or STIs) are caused by many different bacteria and viruses — and even tiny insects. You can get an STD by having sexual contact with someone who already has one. That means you can get an STD through sexual intercourse, or by putting your mouth, hands, or genitals on the genitals or on the sores of someone who is infected.

Keep in mind that women who have sex with women also are at risk for some STDs.

Can STDs be cured for good?

Some STDs can be treated and cured and will go away completely. Even if you get treated, though, you can get the STD again if you continue to have sex — especially if you have unprotected sex.

Ask your doctor or nurse about treatment for your partner. Otherwise, you might just keep giving the infection back and forth to each other.

Some STDs can't be cured, but you can get help with the symptoms. A few STDs can put your life in danger if they are not treated.

How can I keep from getting STDs

The surest way to avoid getting an STD is not to have sexual intercourse or other kinds of intimate sexual contact. Even waiting to have sex until you are older lowers your chances of getting an STD. It's also a good idea to stay away from drugs and alcohol, which can lead to having unsafe sex.

If you do have sex, you'll be safer if:

• Both you and your partner get tested for STDs (and treated if necessary)
• The two of you have sex only with each other
• You always use a latex condom (and use it correctly)

Lots of myths about STDs get passed around. Have you heard that you can prevent STDs by urinating, washing, or douching after sex? Well, unfortunately, none of these methods work. And you should not ever douche. Douching can increase your risk of getting STDs because it washes away bacteria that help prevent infection.

There is no vaccine to prevent most STDs. But there are vaccines that can help prevent two STDs:

• The hepatitis B vaccine can help protect against this dangerous STD, which can damage your liver. Most people get the hepatitis B vaccine as babies, but it's a good idea to ask whether you've already gotten yours.
• The HPV vaccine guards against some forms of human papillomavirus (say HYOO-muhn PAP-uh-LOH-muh-VEYE-ruhs). HPV can cause genital warts and cervical cancer.

Need some inspiration to help you stay safe? Watch a video by one girl who learned a lot from her aunt who has HIV.

How do you know if you have an STD?

The only way to know if you have an STD is to be tested. You may have symptoms from an STD. But lots of infections have no symptoms, especially in the early stages. By the time symptoms do show up, the infection may already have done damage.

If you have symptoms that could be coming from an STD, like stomach pain, see a doctor right away. Also see a doctor if fluid comes out of your vagina that is yellow, gray, or green, or has a strong smell. A clear or whitish fluid could be normal discharge, but if it's new and you have been sexually active, ask your doctor about it.

If you are having sex — or have had sex even once — see your doctor to find out which STD tests you may need.

A shot against HPV

Have you heard about the HPV vaccine? It helps guard against human papillomavirus, which can cause genital warts and is the number one cause of cervical cancer.

Do condoms protect against STDs?

Latex condoms can lower your chances of getting HIV and some other STDs a lot. They don't totally remove the risk, though. And they work better at preventing some STDs than others.

Remember that you have to use condoms right and every time. Learn more about condoms.

Who can get an STD?

Here are some key points about who can get an STD:

• Anyone who has sexual contact — including oral sex, anal sex, and contact between genital areas — can get an STD.
• STDs affect women and men of all ages and racial and ethnic backgrounds.
• Teenage girls and young women get STDs more easily than older women do.
• Young women who have sex with women are still at risk for STDs.
• Becoming sexually active at an earlier age and having more partners increase the chances of getting an STD.
• If you have sex with someone who has an STD you can catch it even if that person has no symptoms.

How can I get tested for STDs?

Sometimes people are too scared or embarrassed to ask for STD information or testing. But keep in mind that many STDs are easy to treat — and dangerous if they're not detected and treated.

When you visit your doctor, he or she probably will examine your skin, throat, and genital area for sores, growths, and rashes. He or she also may look inside your vagina and at your cervix.

Your doctor may take a sample to test from:

• Fluid or tissue from your genital, vaginal, or anal areas
• Your blood
• Your urine (pee)

Of course, you may be nervous during these tests, but they usually are painless and quick.

When the doctor gets the results, he or she will let you know if you have an STD and what to do to take care of your health. Sometimes, your doctor may want to treat you even before you get your test results. If so, you should still follow up to get the results and any other care you need.

Are you worried about paying for testing? In the United States, the Affordable Care Act requires most health insurance plans to cover the whole cost of STD testing. If you don't have insurance, find free or reduced-cost testing and treatment.

Get tested

If you have ever had sex, you should get tested for STDs. Find a place to get tested for STDs.

Can I ask the doctor personal questions about sex and STDs?

Doctors and nurses are there to talk to you about anything you need to protect your health!

If you are worried about your doctor telling your parents or guardians you are having sex, ask about his or her privacy policy before you begin. It's possible your doctor may encourage you to talk to your parents. But in most states, doctors can't share information about your reproductive health (especially about STDs) with anyone else without your permission. They can share the information without your permission only in special situations, such as if they think you have been sexually abused.

If you're having sex, it's very important to see your doctor regularly. You also might suggest that your partner see a doctor, too. That way, your partner can get any necessary tests and helpful information to stay well, too.

What should I do if I have an STD or think I may have an STD?

If you think you have an STD, follow these important steps:

• Try to talk to your parents/guardians. If you don't feel like you can do this, talk to someone else you trust, like a nurse or a teacher.
• Make an appointment right away to see a health care provider, such as a pediatrician, an adolescent medicine specialist, or a gynecologist. Read more about people who can take care of your health. If you are worried about anyone knowing, keep in mind that you can get confidential care at a family planning clinic. You can find a family planning clinic.
• Be sure to tell your sexual partner if you think you have an STD. Both of you should be tested and treated if necessary, or you can pass it back and forth. Remember that your partner can have the STD and not have any symptoms.
• If you have an STD, follow your doctor's instructions carefully.
• Avoid all sexual activity while you are being treated for an STD.
• Some STDs likeHPV(human papillomavirus) andHIVcannot be cured and can be passed to someone else, even if you don't have symptoms. Talk with your doctor about ways to help protect your partner.
• For STDs that can be cured, get a follow-up test to make sure that the infection is gone.
• If you think you might be pregnant, be sure to tell your doctor. Some medicines aren't safe to take if you are pregnant, so you may need to take a different drug to treat the STD.

What is PID?

PID stands for pelvic inflammatory disease. It is a serious infection in your reproductive system that you can get from having some STDs. PID can lead to problems like ongoing pain in your pelvic area and not being able to have a baby when you are ready.

Teen girls (and young women) who have sex are most at risk for PID. This is partly because having a cervix that is still developing increases the chances of getting STDs that can lead to PID. And the more sex partners you have, the greater your chances of getting PID.

If you want to avoid getting STDs, your best bet is not to have sex. Latex condoms can reduce the chance of getting STDs that can lead to PID, but you have to use condoms the right way and every time.

If you are having sex, make sure to see your doctor and get tested for STDs. Treating STDs early can help prevent PID.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get by having sex or skin-to-skin contact between genitals with someone who has an STD.

STDs are also sometimes called sexually transmitted infections or STIs. Whatever you call them, they can cause serious health problems. And they happen a lot to young people: About half of all new infections happen to people ages 15 to 24.

There are more than 25 STDs caused by many different bacteria and viruses. Each STD has its own symptoms, but some have similar symptoms. One thing is clear: If you get an unusual discharge, sore, or rash, especially in the pubic area, you should stop having sex and see a doctor right away.

Check out the symptoms, tests, and treatments for common STDs below.

One partner can expose you to many diseases. You are at risk of getting all of the STDs that your partner’s past and present partners have had.

Chlamydia

Genital herpes

Gonorrhea

Hepatitis B

HIV/AIDS

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Pubic lice

Syphilis

Trichomoniasis

HPV, or human papillomavirus (say: PAP-uh-LOH-muh veye-ruhs), is often passed through sexual contact. Some types of HPV cause genital warts, cervical cancer, and other cancers. A safe and effective vaccine can help protect you against a few types of HPV.

Here are some key points about the HPV vaccine:

• The HPV vaccine works best if you get it before you are ever exposed to the virus. That’s why it’s important to get the vaccine before you ever have sex. Experts recommend that you get it at age 11 or 12. You can even get the vaccine as young as 9.
• If you missed getting the vaccine when you were 11 or 12, you can still get it.
• The vaccine is given as a series of three shots over the course of several months. You need all three shots.
• The vaccine was tested on tens of thousands of people. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration says it is safe.
• The vaccine won’t protect you against all types of HPV. It also won’t protect against other sexually transmitted diseases or STDs (also called sexually transmitted infections or STIs). So even if you get the vaccine, use a latex condom every time you have sex to help stay safe.
• The vaccine comes under two brand names. Cervarix helps protect against cervical cancer. Gardasil helps protect against cervical cancer and some types of genital warts. Ask your health care professional which one is right for you. Boys should get Gardasil to help prevent genital warts and HPV-related cancers (and to help prevent spreading HPV to girls).

What is teen sexual health?

Teen sexual health is about how sex affects your physical and emotional health. It means knowing how to form healthy relationships and making decisions about sex that are right for you.

As your body changes during puberty, how you think, feel, and interact with others also changes. You may have new feelings and thoughts about sex. Understanding who you're becoming as a sexual young adult is also part of teen sexual health. For some teens, that includes understanding gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation.

For all teens, taking responsibility for sexual health is part of growing up. Whether you choose to have sex or wait, responsibility includes knowing about:

• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
• Birth control
• What a healthy relationship is

What are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites that spread from person to person, usually during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Some STDs are spread by skin-to-skin contact. Without treatment, some STDs can cause long-term health problems.

There are more than 20 types of STDs, including:

• Chlamydia
• Genital herpes
• Gonorrhea
• HIV/AIDS
• HPV (human papillomavirus)
• Pubic lice
• Syphilis
• Trichomoniasis

STDs don't always cause symptoms. So it is possible to have an infection without knowing it and then pass it on to someone else. The only way to know for sure whether you have an STD is to get tested.

How can I reduce my chances of getting a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?

The most reliable way to avoid infection is to not have vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Saying "no" to sex is the right choice for many teens.

If you decide to have sex, "safer sex" practices will lower your chance of getting an STD. They include:

• Talking with your partner about preventing STDs and getting tested before having sex. If you can't talk about STDs, you aren't ready to have sex.
• Getting the HPV vaccine. You can be vaccinated between ages 9 and 26.
• Using condoms correctly every time you have vaginal, oral, or anal sex:
  • External (male) latex condoms provide the best protection against STDs. If you or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.
  • Internal (female) condoms, made of nitrile, are placed inside the body (vagina or anus). They may be less effective against STDs than latex external condoms.
  • Don't use both type of condoms together because that increases the chance they'll rip
  • Use a dental dam (a square piece of latex, polyurethane, or nitrile) to protect the mouth during oral sex
• Having sex with only one person who has sex only with you (mutual monogamy). But first, both of you should get tested for STDs.
• Not mixing alcohol or drugs with sex. You need to think clearly to make safer choices about sex.

How can I reduce the chance of pregnancy?

The only sure way to avoid pregnancy is not to have vaginal sex.

If you decide to have vaginal sex, birth control can help prevent pregnancy. There are many types of birth control that work in different ways. Your health care provider can help you choose birth control that's best for you.

Condoms are the only birth control method that protects against STDs. But condoms alone aren't the most effective form of birth control. It's safest to use condoms with another form of birth control to prevent both STDs and pregnancy.

What is a healthy relationship?

Healthy sex starts with a healthy relationship, so it's important to take an honest look at how you and your partner treat each other. Your relationship may be healthy if it includes:

• Respect. You and your partner value each other's feelings. Neither of you pressure the other to do things they don't want to do.
• Trust and honesty. You always tell the truth and trust your partner to do the same.
• Good communication. You feel safe talking openly about your feelings, STDs, and other relationships. And you both listen.

Your relationship may be unhealthy if it includes:

• Jealousy and control. One of you wants to make all the decisions and tries to keep the other from spending time with their friends and family.
• Disrespect. One of you makes fun of the other person's ideas and feelings.
• Pressure. One of you tries to bully the other into doing sexual things they don't want to do.
• Violence. Hitting, shoving, grabbing, and sexual assault should never be part of a relationship. If you don't know how to end a violent relationship, get help.

Your decisions about sex can affect your future health. Make sure that you know the facts so you can decide what is right for you.

Are you a teen having sex? Are you thinking about having sex?

It’s your future. You can protect it!

As a teenager, you have more power than anyone to prevent teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Find out what you need to know before you begin having sex. It doesn’t matter what sex or gender your partner is, you both need to be protected. If you are having sex, you can protect yourself and your partner from pregnancy, STDs, and HIV (the human immunodeficiency virus). Even if you are not having sex yet, be prepared.

Talk with your parents

Talk with your parents, guardian, or another adult you trust about sex and relationships. They were teens once, too!

Talk with your health care provider

Talk with your health care provider. Let her or him know if you are having sex or thinking about it. Ask about all types of birth control and which is best for you.

The best birth control for you is the one you use the correct way, each and every time you have sex!

Be Strong! Knowledge is power!

If you are sexually active, protect yourself and your partner from pregnancy, HIV, and other STDs. Even if you or your partner is using another type of birth control, agree to use a condom every time you have sex, to reduce the risk to both of you for HIV and most other STDs. Birth control (such as the pill, patch, ring, implant, shot, or an IUD) provides highly effective pregnancy prevention, but it does not protect you from HIV and other STDs. Condoms can reduce the risk to both of you for most STDs, including HIV, as well as the risk for pregnancy.

His condom + her hormonal birth control or IUD = DOUBLE PROTECTION

Be responsible! Visit your local health care center

Many clinics provide free or low-cost counseling and reproductive health services, including birth control, for teens. By law, Title X family planning clinics must offer private and confidential services for teens

Confidential services means your health information cannot be shared with anyone without your permission, unless your health care provider is concerned that you might hurt yourself or someone else.

Call or stop by a clinic to talk with a counselor or health care provider about birth control, condoms, and other reproductive and sexual health needs you might have. Bring a friend for extra support!

Some clinics have walk-in hours especially for teens after school and on weekends.

Be Brave & Talk About It!

Talk with your partner about…

• Whether you should wait to have sex.
• How having sex might affect your relationship and your lives.
• How both of you will be responsible for preventing pregnancy and STDs.
• Your partner’s sexual history and yours.
• Your plans for both of you to get tested for STDs before you have sex.
• Even if you have already had sex, it’s not too late to take these steps, or to decide to stop having sex.