Your wrist connects your hand to your forearm. It is not one big joint; it has several small joints. This makes it flexible and allows you to move your hand in different ways. The wrist has two big forearm bones and eight small bones known as carpals. It also has tendons and ligaments, which are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones. Ligaments connect bones to each other.

Some of the more common types of wrist injuries and disorders are

• Carpal tunnel syndrome, which happens when a nerve that runs from your forearm into your palm becomes squeezed at the wrist
• Ganglion cysts, which are noncancerous lumps or masses
• Gout, which is a form of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid in your joints
• Fractures (broken bones)
• Osteoarthritis, the most common type of arthritis. It is caused by wear and tear of the joints.
• Sprains and strains, which are injuries to ligaments and injuries to muscles or tendons
• Tendinitis, inflammation of a tendon, usually due to overuse

What Is a Trapeziectomy?

A trapeziectomy is a surgical procedure to treat thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis, commonly known as thumb arthritis. This condition involves the degeneration of the cartilage between the trapezium bone and the metacarpal bone at the base of the thumb, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility. When non-surgical treatments fail to alleviate symptoms, a trapeziectomy may be recommended to restore function and relieve pain.

Why Is a Trapeziectomy Performed?

The thumb joint is highly mobile but structurally less stable, making it prone to wear and tear from repetitive use. Over time, the cartilage cushioning the trapezium and metacarpal bones wears down, causing the bones to rub against each other. As the joint space narrows, individuals may experience increasing discomfort and difficulty with daily activities such as gripping, writing, or opening jars.

A trapeziectomy is typically advised when conservative treatments—like splints, medications, or corticosteroid injections—fail to provide relief. The surgery aims to reduce pain and improve hand function by removing the trapezium bone and stabilizing the joint.

How Is a Trapeziectomy Performed?

During the procedure, the trapezium bone—a small, nugget-shaped bone in the wrist beneath the thumb’s metacarpal bone—is removed. The empty space left behind can be filled with:

Tendon grafts, using soft tissue from the patient.

Synthetic implants, made from materials like silicone or metal, to support the joint.

There are several variations of the procedure:

• Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition (LRTI): One of the most common methods, this technique uses part of a tendon to reconstruct the joint and create a cushion where the trapezium bone used to be.
• Tendon Reconstruction and Suspensionplasty (TRS): This approach focuses on stabilizing the thumb joint by reconstructing it with soft tissue.
• Suture Tape Suspensionplasty (STS): A newer option that uses tape to secure the joint, offering benefits such as shorter surgery times and faster recovery.

The symptoms of a wrist problem can vary, depending on the problem. A common symptom is wrist pain. Some other possible symptoms include swelling, a decrease in wrist strength, and sudden numbness or tingling.

Certain things can put you at higher risk of having a wrist problem, including

• Doing sports, which can put you at risk for injuries and puts stress on your wrist. For example, you may fall on your outstretched hand when you are skating or snowboarding. Your wrist could be injured while doing contact sports. And other sports such as gymnastics and basketball can strain your wrists.
• Doing repetitive wrist motions, such as typing on a keyboard, working on an assembly line, or using power tools.
• Having certain diseases. For example, rheumatoid arthritis can cause wrist pain.

To make a diagnosis, your health care provider

• Will take your medical history and ask about your symptoms
• Will do a physical exam, including checking your wrist strength and range of motion
• May do an x-ray or other imaging test
• May do blood tests

Treatments for wrist pain depends on the type of injury or disorder. They may include

• Resting your wrist
• Wearing a wrist brace or cast
• Pain relievers
• Cortisone shots
• Physical therapy
• Surgery

To try to prevent wrist problems, you can

• Use wrist guards, when doing sports that put you at risk for wrist injuries
• In the workplace, perform stretching exercises and take frequent rest breaks. You should also pay attention to ergonomics to make sure that you are using the proper wrist position while working.
• Make sure that you get enough calcium and vitamin D to keep your bones strong

Proper arrangement of the keyboard and mouse help create a comfortable and productive workstation. Wrist or palm rests can also increase your comfort.

Although opinions vary regarding the use of wrist/palm supports, proper use has been shown to reduce muscle activity and to facilitate neutral wrist angles.

Wrist Rest Quick Tips

Use a wrist rest to maintain straight wrist postures and to minimize contact stress during typing and mousing tasks.

Design and use

Potential Hazards

• Performing keying tasks without a wrist rest may increase the angle to which users' wrists are bent (Figure 1). Increasing the angle of bend increases the contact stress and irritation on tendons and tendon sheathes. This is especially true with high repetition or prolonged keying tasks. Keying without a wrist rest can also increase contact stress between the users wrist and hard or sharp workstation components.
• Resting the wrist/palm on a support while typing may inhibit motion of the wrist and could increase awkward wrist postures.

Possible Solutions

• Your hands should move freely and be elevated above the wrist/palm rest while typing. When resting, the pad should contact the heel or palm of your hand, not your wrist.
• If used, wrist/palm rests should be part of an ergonomically-coordinated computer workstation.
• Reduce bending of the wrists by adjusting other workstation components (chair, desk, keyboard) so the wrist can maintain an in-line, neutral posture.
• Match the wrist support to the width, height, and slope of the front edge of the keyboard (keeping in mind that the goal is to keep wrist postures as straight as possible).
• Provide wrist/palm supports that are fairly soft and rounded to minimize pressure on the wrist. The support should be at least 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) deep.