National forests and grasslands are ours to enjoy now. We want them to be enjoyed for future generations as well. So is it up to all of us to care of these natural resources. This means we can all enjoy the recreational activities of our choosing, but do it responsibly.

Camp responsibly

• Creating new campsites kills vegetation and leads to soil erosion. If possible, use an existing site, or pick a site where vegetation is absent.
• Keep campsites small.
• Pick a spot where vegetation is absent.
• Never dig a trench or build a tent platform.
• Respect living trees. By carving or chopping into the trunks of trees, people unknowingly damage the tree by slitting veins right below the bark. These veins transport nutrients and water throughout the tree. If the damage becomes severe, it will deprive the tree of nutrients and food, and the tree slowly starves to death.
• Choose your campsite, park your car and wash at least 200 feet from rivers, streams, lakes or wetlands.
• Use biodegradable soap or plain water when washing.

Answering nature’s call

Bacteria and viruses found in human feces are known to cause hepatitis, salmonella, giardia, and other gastro-intestinal diseases. Remember, the water in the rivers and lakes you visit may flow into your own drinking water supply. Please follow these simple steps if a public restroom is not available:

• Find a spot at least 200 feet from any water source.
• Dig a hole 6-8 inches deep and bury human waste.
• Pack out used toilet paper and feminine products. Animals will dig up those products and scatter them around the area.
• Several types of waste-disposal products are on the market that come with enzymes that immediately begin breaking down solid waste.
• A leak-proof portable toilet or other self-contained receptacle is another option.

Be fire safe

• Keep fires small and bring firewood purchased in the local area. Firewood brought from another area could also bring invasive pests.
• If you have to collect firewood at your campsite, collect dead and down wood only.
• Check at the local ranger station for current fire restrictions, which can change on a daily, sometimes hourly, basis.
• Use existing fire rings. Scrape away litter and any other burnable material within a 10-foot-diameter surrounding the ring.
• Make sure all wood fits inside the fire ring. Do not feed a large log into the fire ring.
• Have a shovel, axe, and bucket of water available before lighting your campfire.
• Never leave a campfire unattended, even for a few minutes or even if there are no flames present. Many wildfires start because of abandoned fires or because someone thought a fire was out.
• Put out a campfire by slowly pouring water onto the fire and stirring with a shovel. Continue adding and stirring until all material is cool to touch.
• Do not bury your fire. The coals can smolder and re-ignite.

Keep forest creatures wild

• Do not approach or follow wildlife—observe from a distance.

• Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter.

• Leash your dog to keep it and wildlife safe.
• Do not feed wildlife—let them feed themselves. Store your rations and trash safely, securely, and out of reach.

Do not spread invasive weeds

Invasive weeds can rapidly displace native plant species that provide habitat for wildlife and food for people and livestock. Here’s how you can help reduce their spread:

• Learn to recognize common weed species.
• Don’t camp or drive in weed infested areas.
• Don’t pick the flowers of noxious weeds and take them home — you’ll spread seeds.
• When using pack animals, carry only feed that is certified weed-free. Within 96 hours before entering backcountry areas, feed them only weed-free food.
• Wash your vehicle, including the undercarriage, to remove any weed seed before driving to the forest.

Don't erase the traces of America's past

• Archaeological, historic and sacred sites hold clues to America’s past. If disturbed, a part of our heritage may be lost forever.
• Disturbing such sites on federal lands is illegal and can result in substantial penalties.
• Help us protect these sites and contact your nearest district ranger to report illegal activity.

Be considerate of others

• Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their outdoor experience.
• Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail.
• Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock.
• Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors.
• Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Whether you're roughing it in a tent or planning a family picnic, there are many ways to make sure that your experience is fun and safe. Consider the following basic tips:

Be prepared

• Pack a first aid kit. Your kit can prove invaluable if you or a member of your group suffers a cut, bee sting or allergic reaction. Pack antiseptics for cuts and scrapes, tweezers, insect repellent, a snake bite kit, pain relievers, and sunscreen. Tailor your kit to your family's special needs.
• Learn ABC - Airway, Breathing, & Circulation. Know how to perform CPR and basic first aid. Recognizing serious injuries will enable you to attend to a victim until medical help arrives.
• Bring emergency supplies. In addition to a first aid kit, you should also have a map of the area, compass, flashlight, knife, waterproof fire starter, personal shelter, whistle, warm clothing, high energy food, water, water-purifying tablets, and insect repellant.
• Responsible Recreation. Being prepared includes knowing how to be a responsible camper. Learn more on our Responsible Recreation page.

Check the elements

• What is in the skies? Check the weather report before you leave home. When you arrive at the site, keep on eye on the skies for changes and, if possible, carry a compact weather radio. In inclement weather, take shelter until the bad weather passes. Stay dry - wet clothes contribute to heat loss. Also, keep sleeping bags and important gear dry at all times.
• Are there forest or grassland alerts? Forest and grassland home pages post alerts you should know before you go. Many of our forests and grasslands also post alerts on Twitter. The latest fire information may be found on InciWeb.

Survey your surroundings

• Arrive early. Plan your trip so that you arrive at your actual campsite with enough daylight to check over the entire site and safely set up camp.
• Check for potential hazards. Be sure to check the site thoroughly for glass, sharp objects, branches, large ant beds, poison ivy, bees, and hazardous terrain.
• Avoid areas of natural hazards. Check the contour of the land and look for potential trouble spots due to rain or snow. Areas that could flood or become extremely muddy can pose a problem.
• Inspect the site. Look for a level site with enough room to spread out all your gear. A site that has trees or shrubs on the side of prevailing winds will help block strong, unexpected gusts.
• Pitch your tent in a safe spot. Make sure your tent is made of flame-retardant fabric, and keep it a safe distance away from campfires. Keep insects out of your tent by closing the entrance quickly when entering or leaving.
• Build fires in a safe area. Your open fires and fuel-burning appliances must be far enough away from the tent to prevent ignition from sparks, flames, and heat. Never use a flame or any other heating device inside a tent. Check to know whether there are fire restrictions in place before starting a campfire. You could be fined if you start a fire in a restricted area.

Outdoor awareness

• Ensure your fires are always attended. Be sure you have an area for a campfire that cannot spread laterally or vertically - a grill or stone surface is ideal. When putting the fire out, drown it with water. Make sure all embers, coals and sticks are wet. Embers buried deep within the pile have a tendency to reignite later.
• Use caution with propane stoves, grills. Read the instructions that come with the stove and propane cylinder. Use the stove as a cooking appliance only - never leave it unattended while it's burning.
• Watch out for bugs. Hornets, bees, wasps, and yellow jackets are a problem at many campsites. Avoid attracting stinging insects by wearing light-colored clothing and avoiding perfumes or colognes. Should such an insect approach, do not wave wildly and swat blindly - instead use a gentle pushing or brushing motion to deter them.
• Dispose of trash properly. Remember to recycle - use the proper recycling bins if available.
• Beware when encountering wildlife. To ward off bears, keep your campsite clean, and do not leave food, garbage, coolers, cooking equipment or utensils out in the open. Remember that bears can be dangerous and unpredictable - never feed or approach a bear. Use a flashlight at night - many animals feed at night and the use of a flashlight may warn them that you are approaching.
• Know which plants are poisonous. Familiarize yourself with any dangerous plants that are common to the area. If you come into contact with a poisonous plant, immediately rinse the affected area with water and apply a soothing lotion such as calamine to the affected area.
• Keep it clean. Wash your hands, particularly after using the toilet and before handling food to prevent the spread of germs and disease. Use biodegradable soap. Keep your campsite clean, too. And don't forget to remove all trash.

Driving through the forest is a bit different than traveling down a six-lane freeway through a big city. Please keep the following in mind while driving through the woods:

• Watch for and obey posted speed limits. Forest Service roads can be narrow, rocky, and are not meant for high speeds.
• Be careful braking on gravel roads. Allow more time and distance when coming to a stop.
• Beware of rocks, boulders, road washouts, downed trees and brush on the roadway.
• Use appropriate tires for the terrain and conditions you’ll be traveling. Remember to stay on authorized roads.
• Plan appropriately for food, gas, and lodging, which may not be readily available along Forest Service roads. Always carry extra food and water.
• Carry a car kit, equipment, tools, and supplies, in case of an emergency.
• Always let someone know your plans and stick to those plans.

Winter driving can pose its own challenges

In addition to the tips above, keep these suggestions in mind, too:

• Check your state’s Department of Transportation website for information on road conditions, closures, and restrictions.
• Follow the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration detailed winter tips.
• Check current and forecast weather conditions.
• Check the forest or grassland website where you plan to go for any posted alerts.
• Make sure that your car is in good mechanical order. Check tire condition, antifreeze and motor oil levels, and the entire exhaust system for leaks. Ensure that all hoses and belts are in good condition.
• Pack extra layers of clothing, including rain gear, socks, gloves or mittens, and a warm hat.
• Bring a winter emergency kit, which should include a flashlight, map and compass, matches in a waterproof container, whistle, fire-starter, nylon cord, pocketknife, high-energy food, plastic tarp, space blanket, signal mirror, first aid kit, duct tape for repairs, and a metal container for melting snow.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

The following tips are for responsible hobby or recreational use of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) or “Drones” on National Forest System Lands.

Know Where To Fly

• Individuals and organizations may fly UAS for hobby or recreational purposes in compliance with http://www.faa.gov/uas/model_aircraft/ (Section 336 of Public Law 112-95).
• UAS must be flown below 400 feet and remain clear of surrounding obstacles.
• UAS are considered to be both “motorized equipment” and “mechanical transport” and, as such, they cannot take off from, land in, or be operated from congressionally designated wilderness areas.
• UAS are not permitted to fly in areas that have Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) in place, such as wildfires. Search the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Web site for current TFRs at http://tfr.faa.gov/tfr2/list.html.

Follow FAA guidelines

• Ensure that you comply with all FAA regulations and guidance for flying your UAS. The FAA has authority over all airspace. Information on FAA regulations is available at http://www.faa.gov/uas/.
• Do not fly any aircraft weighing more than 55 pounds (total weight, including payload and fuel source).

Protect Wildlife & the Environment

• Do not fly over congressionally designated wilderness areas or primitive areas as many people seek these places for the opportunities for solitude and quiet that they provide.
• Do not fly over or near wildlife as this can create stress that may cause significant harm and even death. Intentional disturbance of animals during breeding, nesting, rearing of young, or other critical life history functions is not allowed unless approved as research or management.
• Follow State wildlife and fish agency regulations on the use of UAS to search for or detect wildlife and fish.
• Launch the UAS more than 100 meters (328 feet) from wildlife. Do not approach animals or birds vertically with the UAS.

Fly Safely, Stay in Control

• Keep your UAS within your visual line of sight at all times.
• Take lessons and learn to operate your UAS safely.
• Remain well clear of and do not interfere with manned aircraft operations.
• Fly your UAS at least 5 miles from an airport or backcountry airstrip.
• Keep your UAS away from populated and noise-sensitive areas, such as campgrounds, trail heads, and visitor centers.
• Obey all privacy laws.

Emerging technologies such as e-bikes are changing the way people enjoy their visits to national forests and grasslands. Today, more than 60,000 miles of trails and thousands of miles of roads on national forests and grasslands are currently open to e-bike use. As use trends change with time and new technologies, the way we manage lands to ensure their long-term health and resilience must change as well. This is why we have clarified our policy on e-bikes and are encouraging local Forest Service decision makers to expand access to recreation opportunities on our forests and grasslands in ways that meet user needs while continuing to protect forest resources.

Frequently Asked Questions

Did the Forest Service change its policy related to e-bikes?

The Forest Service finalized its directives that clarify how e-bikes are managed on national forests and grasslands. The directives clarify the definition of an e-bike and identifies e-bikes under three classes of motor vehicles. They also provide needed guidance to field units under existing Travel Management Rule definitions, and reinforce criteria needed to designate roads, trails and areas for e-bikes use. Before a decision to expand use of e-bike on specific national forests and grasslands, the unit must first conduct the appropriate environmental analysis and public engagement, just like any other project that alters the use of the land.

Where are e-bikes currently allowed on national forests and grasslands?

Class 1, 2, and 3 e-bikes are allowed on motorized trails and roads on national forests and grasslands. Additionally, several year-round resorts operating under a special use permit have established e-bike use within their permit boundary.

Local Forest Service officials may consider new opportunities for e-bike use on non-motorized trails and in non-motorized areas by utilizing a designation process in accordance with the Travel Management Rule (36 CFR Part 212, Subpart B). Designations involve appropriate environmental analysis, public involvement, and local decision-making.

Did the Forest Service use scientific evidence and review public input when updating its directives on e-bike use?

Yes. The e-bike directives incorporate new trends in recreation on public lands and provide forest officials opportunities to expand e-bike use in areas other than those currently open to e-bikes. The agency has used best-available science, public input, use trends, and other information in developing the directives. As part of this process, the Forest Service has reviewed Interior Department’s e-bike direction and continues to monitor how they implement this direction.

The Forest Service is managing e-bikes with the goal of allowing a variety of recreation opportunities while protecting natural and cultural resources and other forest uses. We understand the challenging management situation this can pose in areas of adjoining/shared boundaries. The Forest Service is committed to listening to the people we serve to better understand their needs as well as providing them seamless experiences across boundaries as allowed by law.

How will expanding e-bike use on national forests and grasslands improve access for more Americans?

The Forest Service has a long tradition of multiple uses and supporting access to the public land the agency manages. Simply put, e-bikes allow more people to enjoy their national forests and grasslands. The technology has the potential to include older Americans and attract more diverse users to explore their public land in a socially and ecologically responsible way.

Fishing on national forests and grasslands is sometimes more than a sport. For some, the rewards of lakes, rivers and streams feed families at home or at the campsite.

Thin strings of nylon or other materials can help bring home a king salmon, the most prized fish in Alaska, or a speckled trout from the cool Gold Medal Colorado rivers that flow through national forests.

State laws apply to fishing laws and regulations on all national forests and grasslands. Some states prohibit putting fish remains into the waters, lakes, streams or rivers after you have cleaned and gutted your catch. Some states set limits on the number of fish you can catch and when. Other rules are imposed by the national forest and grassland, such as not fishing during derbies or in areas posted as closed. But sure you know the rules before you angle to your favorite fishing spot.

Our partners at TakeMeFishing.org suggest these tips for a safe fishing experience:

• If using a boat to fish, wear a life jacket and make sure each passenger wears one, too.
• Inspect waterfronts daily—the natural environment is subject to change without notice.
• Don’t fish in areas where it is not permitted. These areas have been declared “off limits” to protect wildlife, vegetation, or for your safety.
• When choosing a site for fishing, always consider safety factors. Because fishing is practiced in a variety of environments, evaluate factors specific to safety in each environment.
• Bring along extra safety items such as water, flashlights, maps, and a cell phone or radio.
• Always wear foot gear appropriate to the conditions.
• Stay dry, warm and protected from the elements. Wear a waterproof sunscreen with an SPF (sun protection factor) of at least 15. Wear thin layers of clothing that progress outward to include water and wind protection as the final layer.
• Use appropriate insect protection measures, including proper clothing and repellents.
• Keep fishing knives sharp and cover the blade when not in use.
• Handle fish carefully.
• Use caution when baiting and removing hooks.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Hiking is a wonderful way to see and experience the many wonders of our nation’s forests. Visit your forest’s ranger district office or National Forest Store to obtain a trail map to help you plan your route based on your ability, available time and interest. Please follow these safety tips to ensure a safe journey:

• Responsible Recreation. Being prepared includes knowing how to be a responsible hiker.
• Stay on marked trails.
• Don’t hike alone. Let the slowest person in your party set the pace. This is especially important when children are a part of your group.
• Leave your itinerary with a friend or family member and check in with them upon your return.
• Develop an emergency plan before you start your trip. Make sure everyone knows what to do if they become lost or a medical emergency arises. Give children whistles with the instructions to "stop and blow" if they become lost.
• Take frequent rests or vary your pace to maintain your energy level.
• Drink plenty of water, even on cool, wet days. Never drink your entire supply between refills.
• Wear appropriate clothing, including sturdy boots that are broken in and are comfortable.
• Consider using a hiking pole or walking stick to help maintain your balance in unlevel or hazardous areas.
• Be aware of your surroundings, and pre-plan your approach before hiking through more hazardous areas. Wet surfaces can be a hazard and even more so if it's on a slope.
• Consider what you'll do if you start to slide or fall so that you are prepared.
  • If falling, do not try to catch yourself; try to avoid landing on your hands, elbows or knees. Landing on the side of your body is much safer.
  • If the slope is such where you know you are going to slide, lowering your center of gravity, by sitting down and sliding on your feet or bottom, is safer.
  • If sliding while standing up, keep your weight over your feet and bend your knees—do not lean back or forward while sliding.
• If on a day hike, extra weight wears you down and reduces your agility over uneven terrain. Pack as light as possible. Leave the extras behind, but consider bringing these essentials:
  • Map
  • Sunglasses and a hat
  • Sunscreen
  • Flashlight
  • Waterproof matches
  • First aid kit
  • Water and water-purifying tablets
  • High-energy bars, granola, candy, or fruit
  • Extra clothing. Temperatures can change dramatically, particularly if there is an elevation change. For every 1,000 feet of elevation gain, the temperature often drops three to five degrees.

An array of wildlife suitable for hunting may be found on national forests and grasslands. Hunting is a seasonal activity, and the rules are simple: Follow the state laws and regulations pertaining to hunting, including seasons, dates and licensing. Forests and grasslands may place some areas as off limits to hunting. So check in with your local Forest Service ranger to be sure you are following all the rules.

When on Forest Service land remember that:

• All firearms and bows with arrows should be cased and unloaded while in a recreation area or other public areas.
• Discharging a firearm (including a bow and arrow) is prohibited in or within 150 yards of a developed recreation site, a residence, or any place where people are likely to be.
• Shooting across bodies of water or a Forest Service road is prohibited.
• Shooting into or within any cave, mine or open shaft is prohibited.
• Private land is interspersed with public land and you must obtain written permission from the private landowner to hunt on their property. Obtain a map and use caution to ensure you don't inadvertently stray off public land onto private.
• Only portable stands or blinds are allowed. Check with your local ranger district for restrictions and time limits.

Stay safe when hunting by following these tips:

• Check weather reports before embarking on a hunting trip.
• Tell someone where you will be hunting and when you will return.
• Be familiar with the area you want to hunt. Bring a map and compass.
• Carry a basic survival kit and be prepared for an unexpected overnight stay in the field. The survival kit should contain a rope, a knife, water, waterproof matches, an emergency shelter, and first aid supplies.
• Dress properly and be prepared for the worst possible conditions.
• Wear hunter orange as your outermost gear so that you are visible to other hunters. Do not wear white or tan during deer season.
• Always treat your weapon as if it is loaded, even if it isn't, and know where your hunter partners are located at all times.
• If accompanied by a dog, the dog should also wear hunter orange or a very visible color on a vest, leash, coat or bandana. Check the state regulations to determine if a dog is allowed on a hunt.
• Check hunting equipment before and after each outing, and maintain it properly. Familiarize yourself with its operation before using it in the field.
• Carry a spare set of dry clothing. Utilize layering techniques to pull away moisture while retaining body warmth. Always bring rain gear.
• Clearly identify your target before shooting. Prevent unfortunate accidents or fatalities.
• Be alert when hunting near developed areas and trails. Other recreationists are enjoying the forest as well.
• Your cell phone may save your life, but do count on it. Many areas of most forests are not within signal range.

Remember: You are responsible for the safety of yourself and for those around you.

Stay on open forest roads

Some roads could be closed temporarily or permanently to protect against further damage to wetland and aquatic resources and halt damage to soil, water and vegetation resources. The intent of road closures is to balance popular public use with the sustainability of natural resources.

• Closed roads will be posted. Not all bicycle trails are open to off-highway vehicle use. Go to your forest or grassland website for a map of bike trails.
• Wilderness areas are off-limits to all vehicles, including bicycles.
• Comply with signs and barriers, and leave gates as you found them.
• Some trails cross private property and are subject to deed restrictions, which prohibit vehicular travel of any kind.
• Respect public and private property by practicing minimum impact cycling.

Protect the environment

• Stay on trails and roads designated for use. Cutting switchbacks, creating hill climbs and riding in undesignated areas cause erosion, loss of wildlife habitat and other natural resource damage. Repairs cost tax dollars, and citations cost you dollars.
• Minimize erosion by staying on trails and not cutting switchbacks.
• Avoid wet, muddy areas as they are more susceptible to erosion. Meadows, lake shores, stream banks and vegetation are easily damaged.
• Do not ride on snow-covered roads!
• Do not disturb wildlife or livestock.
• Teach new riders trail etiquette—lead by example.
• Don’t litter. Pack out more than your share.

Ride safely, stay in control

• The forest is for everyone. Be considerate of hikers and equestrians.
• Always wear a protective helmet and other gear.
• Ride single file in the middle of the trail to avoid widening the trail.
• Yield right-of-way to other trail users. Horses spook when they see an unfamiliar object, especially one that moves quickly and quietly.
• Slow down and use caution when passing others. If necessary, dismount your vehicle or bicycle on the downhill side and wait for horses and hikers to pass.
• Control your speed at all times and approach turns in anticipation of someone around the bend. Reckless riding and high downhill speeds are not appropriate.

Be prepared

• Be prepared for sudden changes in weather.
• Don’t ride alone. Tell someone where you plan to ride and then stick to your plans.
• Don’t take unnecessary chances—help for emergencies may be miles away.
• Make sure you have a first aid kit and other safety gear with you when riding in the forest.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Not all roads and trails are created equally. Some roads are for cars and trucks, but not off-highway vehicles. Some trails are for off-highway vehicles, but many are not. Know where you are going and under the use of the road or trail before you go.

Stay on open forest roads

• Travel only on off-highway vehicle designated routes. Cross-country travel is prohibited. Obtain a Motor Vehicle Use Map for specific information on your forest.
• Comply with signs and barriers, and leave gates as you found them.
• Wilderness areas are off-limits to all motorized vehicles.

Protect the environment

• Minimize erosion by staying on trails and not cutting switchbacks.
• Avoid wet, muddy areas as they are more susceptible to erosion. Meadows, lake shores, stream banks and vegetation are easily damaged.
• Do not ride on snow-covered roads!
• Teach new riders trail etiquette—lead by example.
• Don’t litter. Pack out more than your share.

Ride safely, stay in control

• The forest is for everyone. Be considerate of hikers and equestrians.
• Yield right-of-way to other trail users. Horses spook when they see an unfamiliar object, especially one which moves quickly and quietly.
• Control your speed at all times and approach turns in anticipation of someone around the bend. Reckless riding and high downhill speeds are not appropriate.
• Wear your helmet and protective gear.

Plan your trip

• Be prepared for sudden changes in weather.
• Don’t ride alone. Tell someone where you plan to go and then stick to your plans.
• Don’t take unnecessary chances—help for emergencies may be miles away.
• Make sure you have a first aid kit and other safety gear with you when riding in the forest.

Follow vehicle regulations

• Children under 8 years of age may not operate all-terrain vehicles or motorcycles. An operator under 16 must have constant supervision by an adult over the age of 18.
• No passengers are allowed on all-terrain vehicles, unless vehicles are designed to carry passengers.
• All vehicles must be registered and licensed. Non-street legal "red sticker" vehicles have a limited operating period on the forest.
• Obey all traffic signs. State traffic laws apply to all national forest roads; violations are reported to the state department of motor vehicles.
• Within campgrounds and other recreation sites, use cars, motorbikes, motorcycles, or other motor vehicles only for entering or leaving, unless directed otherwise.
• Park only in designated parking areas.
• Do not block, restrict, or interfere with the use of roads, trails and gates.
• Spark arresters, mufflers, and brakes are required for motorized vehicles.
• Don’t drink and ride. Alcoholic beverages are prohibited on all trail systems or in recreation areas.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Target shooting is allowed on national forest or grassland unless restricted. Check your local ranger district for more information about local restriction. It is prohibited to shoot:

• In or within 150 yards from a residence, building, campsite, developed recreation area or occupied area.
• Across or on a national forest or grassland road or body of water.
• In any manner or place where any person or property is exposed to injury or damage as a result of such discharge.
• Into or within a cave.
• Firing tracer bullets or incendiary ammunition.
• Disturbing, injuring, destroying, or in any way damaging any prehistoric, historic, or archaeological resource, structure, site, artifact, property.
• Abandoning any personal property or failing to dispose of all garbage, including targets, paper, cans, bottles, appliances.

In general, you should target shoot only if you:

• Use approved targets. Certain forests may have specific restrictions, such as the type of targets used (i.e. cardboard targets, paper targets, clay pigeons).
  • Exploding targets are not recommended and are restricted on many forests or grasslands for safety and fire concerns.
• Use approved targets along with a safe, ”bullet-proof” backstop. Do not to attach your targets to vegetation or structures, such as; trees, log decks, slash piles, fences, or water tanks.
• Practice safe gun handling by:
  • Treating every gun as if it is loaded.
  • Never letting the muzzle of a firearm point at anything you do not intend to shoot.
  • Keeping your finger off of the trigger until your sights are on the target and you are ready to shoot.
  • Making sure of your target and what is beyond.
• Are not in possession of alcoholic beverages while discharging a firearm.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

Firewood and Christmas trees

Most national forests allow users to harvest trees for personal use firewood and Christmas trees, but you must first have a Forest Service-issued permit and you must follow specific guidelines, which can vary from forest to forest.

Here are some general guidelines:

• Contact the forest district office nearest you to obtain a permit for home firewood, Christmas tree and tree cutting instructions.
• Wood or Christmas trees cannot be sold. Permits must be in your possession at all times while on the forest.
• Contact each forest district office for specific dates, maps, times, and accessibility.
• Before heading out, check the local forest for the latest warnings, such as fire or road closures.
• Always check weather conditions for proper dress attire in the forests.
• Tell someone you know where you are going and when you’ll return.
• Check with local district offices before you cut dead or downed trees. Dead trees could provide animal habitat.
• Stay away from areas along the sides of streams, rivers, lakes, and wet areas. Check with the ranger district for the proper distance.
• Be aware of areas where trees may be weakened by storms, insect damage or fire.
• Learn how to read a map and use a compass – and carry them both with you.

Additional guidelines for Christmas trees:

• Most holiday tree permits are issued in November. Know your location, the weather, and your ability to traverse through snow.
• Dress for the season. Always be prepared for the cold and snow, and start tree hunting early in the day to have plenty of daylight hours.
• Bring emergency supplies, including water and food and a first-aid kit.
• Remember to tell someone where you are going. Your cell phone may not work on many forests.
• The tree you choose must be at least 200 feet from main roads, recreation sites and campgrounds, and stay away from areas along the sides of streams, rivers, lakes, and wet areas. Check with the ranger district for the proper distance.
• Select a tree with a trunk six inches or less in diameter, and prepare to cut the tree no more than six inches above ground level.
• Never cut a tall tree just for the top.
• Select a tree from overstocked areas and thickets. Watch restricted areas. Cut only one tree per tag.
• Attach your tree tag to harvested tree before placing in vehicle.
• Bring a rope and tarp to move your tree from the harvest area to your vehicle.

What about other forest products, such as mushrooms and greenery?

A visit or call to your local forest or grassland district office is your first step. Tell them what you are interested in and how you can go about legally obtaining the items, what permits you need and what guidelines you must follow.

Our national forests and grasslands are here today for our use and enjoyment but also for the use and enjoyment of future generations. Help us make these vital natural resources a continuing legacy.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.

For many of us a field of wildflowers is one of the most beautiful experiences we can encounter in Nature. There is a deep impulse we carry from childhood into adulthood to reach out and pick a flower in a beautiful butterfly-filled meadow or along a public wooded trail lined with spring beauties, irises, or wake-robins. It is because we all carry such memories that we have devoted an entire website to Celebrating Wildflowers. Millions of people visit the public lands each year and if only a small fraction of them each picked a few flowers, soon there would be none for the rest of us to enjoy.

Almost all wildflowers are fragile and many wilt and perish soon after being picked. Over the years, the repercussions of wildflower picking by unthinking people go far beyond the loss of the flowers themselves. A critical chain of events is triggered for years to come once wildflowers are lost. We don’t often realize it, but wildflowers support entire ecosystems for pollinators, birds, and small animals on a micro scale. Butterflies and other insects, small birds, and animals depend on seeds, nectar, and pollen for their food supply and life support system. In addition, some pollinators are not very mobile or have very small home ranges or depend on just one species of plant and die once their habitat has been destroyed.

The Forest Service is very enthusiastic about the public’s increased interest in native plants found on our national forests and grasslands. This interest and increased knowledge and awareness of the benefits of landscaping and gardening with native plants have resulted in nurseries producing native plants for the public to grow. Landscaping and gardening with native plants has many benefits including the creation of habitat for many different animals; from pollinators to birds, to small mammals. Many folks are now planting butterfly gardens that benefit these beautiful animals and bring enjoyment and joy to the gardener.

Unfortunately, the Forest Service is experiencing increased poaching of native wildflowers; even some that are listed as endangered species. Many people desire species that are not available commercially because these plants are difficult to grow or take too many years to reach maturity; and some people desire the rarest of the rare bringing those precious jewels ever closer to extinction. Consequently, some people are illegally removing wildflowers and other native plants from their natural habitats. In some cases entire populations of a species have been stolen.

There are four main consequences to this illegal activity:

1. All living organisms need to reproduce. Digging up wildflowers, picking wildflowers, or collecting their seed will reduce a plant's ability to reproduce and will adversely affect its long-term survival in that location;
2. Removing wildflowers from the wild can adversely affect pollinators and other animals that depend on that species for food and cover;
3. Removing wildflowers from our national forests and grasslands prevents other visitors from enjoying our natural heritage; and,
4. Most wildflowers when dug from their natural habitat do not survive being transplanted.

There are legal ways to collect native plants from national forests and grasslands that will allow their use but still sustain them for future generations.

Remember, respect and protect wildflowers and their habitats, leave only footprints, and take only memories and photos so that future generations may enjoy our precious natural heritage.

Every amateur shutterbug longs for his or her wildlife photos to look just like the masterpieces in National Geographic. Capturing great images in the wild takes preparation, patience and practice. Here are some tips to help keep you safe while photographing in the great outdoors:

Use common sense

No picture is worth endangering the animals, other subjects, or the photographer. People are killed every year when they get too close to large animals, such as bear, moose or bison. Smaller animals become stressed when we get too close.

Watch your step

Be careful not to step on critters who may be lurking nearby (e.g., snakes catching some sun in the open path), or into a hole or mud puddle.

Know your subject

If you have a specific animal you wish to photograph, study its habits, such as if they are nocturnal, what behaviors they exhibit or whether they stay on the ground, underground or in trees. For example, sandhill cranes often adopt a “pre-flight” posture, leaning forward and being very still before running and taking off. If you want takeoff shots, watch for that pose and be ready.

Know that certain owls will defend their nest area very aggressively, even against much larger humans. If you get too close, they will make sudden silent swoops at your head or face with stiletto talons. Before you try to photograph owls around a nest, know enough about their behavior to wear a hard hat and safety glasses and maintain an adequate distance.

You increase your photo opportunities when you synchronize your shooting to the timetable of your subject. For example, the best time of day to shoot butterflies is often early- to mid-morning when they emerge from their night roosts and warm themselves in the sun. They’ll often sit very still, perfectly displayed, until they’re warm enough to fly. Shooting during this window spares you the hazard of running all over the landscape, camera in hand, to catch up with constantly moving subjects.

Plan your photo shoot

Consider scouting locations before your shoot. Look for the best angles, where the sun will be, what the background will be like, etc. Sandhill cranes need to roost in shallow lakes. If you see cranes in a shallow lake, most likely they will return at dusk to roost for the night. You can come back in the late afternoon, set up and photograph them as they land for the night.

The first few hours after sunrise often provides more dramatic and appealing light, and often, animals are more active during the earlier hours than in the afternoon heat.

Be patient and observant

Oftentimes, animals will come into view if you just stay still in one location. The best wildlife photos are not likely to come by sneaking up on an animal to get as close as possible. Almost always, they’re aware of your approach.

The most effective way to get good shots is to recognize how the animal is behaving and where it is going. Get well out in front, be very still and let the animal come toward you. People who can keep still sometimes find that butterflies will land on their shoulder or birds will perch on their head. This approach is inherently safer because the animal remains in charge. It sets its own comfort zone and is not infringed upon or threatened by you.

Know the capabilities of your equipment

Trying to get a photo that is beyond the capability of your equipment often leads to taking excessive risks. Most of those spectacular photographs that you see in National Geographic or in wildlife calendars were taken under rather unusual, well-controlled circumstances. They were shot from blinds built and maintained by professional guides. Or they were taken from secure vehicles on game preserves. And they were taken with exceptional equipment—the kinds of cameras and lens used by sports photographers who sit next to a baseball dugout and capture great shots of the game-saving catch against the center-field wall. They were not taken by lucky amateurs on day hikes with point-and-shoots or cell-phone cameras.

Remember: You are responsible for your own safety and for the safety of those around you.