Adenosarcoma of the uterus is a rare tumor of the uterus that typically originates in the lining of the uterus (endometrium). This type of tumor is characterized by both benign (noncancerous) and malignant components (low-grade sarcoma). Typical symptoms in affected individuals may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, an enlarged uterus, and tissue protruding from the external os (external opening of the uterus that leads into the cavity of the cervix). It is most common in post-menopausal women but can affect women of any age. Factors that may predisposed an individual to the condition include hyperestrogenemia (high blood estrogen levels), chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Recommended treatment includes hysterectomy, usually accompanied by bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of fallopian tubes and ovaries). Ovarian conservation is an option for reproductive age women.

The exact cause of adenosarcoma of the uterus is not always known. The development of these tumors has been associated with a few risk factors. Risk factors are associated with an increased risk of developing a condition; however, most people with these risk factors will never develop the condition. Factors that have reportedly been associated with development of adenosarcoma of the uterus include hyperestrinism (abnormally high levels of estrogenic hormones in the body), prior chemotherapy, prior radiotherapy and tamoxifen therapy (used as an adjuvant drug for breast cancer).

Individuals who are interested in learning about how their personal or family history of cancer may affect other family members should speak with an oncologist or genetics professional. These health care providers can help determine whether genetic testing for an inheritedsusceptibility to cancer is appropriate and/or available.

The recommended treatment option for adenosarcoma of the uterus is surgery. Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy can cure this condition if it is only in the uterus. Adjuvant radiation therapy can help lower the chance of the tumor coming back. There is limited data and no agreement regarding the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapy or whole abdomen radiation therapy is used for disease that has spread into the intraperitoneal region. The chemotherapy agents consist of either doxorubicin or a combination of cisplatin and ifosfamide with mesna.Ifosfamide is not available in an oral form; it is given by injection into a vein.