Amniotic band syndrome refers to a condition in which bands develop from the inner lining of the amnion. The amnion is the sac that surrounds the baby in the womb.
A baby hand affected by amniotic band syndrome
Image by Moscowmom
Summary
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Image by Internet Archive Book Images/Wikimedia
Amniotic Band Syndrome
Identifier: atlasofclinicals00bock (find matches)Title: Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and studentsYear: 1908 (1900s)Authors: Bockenheimer, Ph. (Philipp), b. 1875Subjects: Surgery, OperativePublisher: New York : RebmanContributing Library: University of California LibrariesDigitizing Sponsor: Internet ArchiveView Book Page: Book ViewerAbout This Book: Catalog EntryView All Images: All Images From Book
Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book.Text Appearing Before Image:such caseswere among Bartiums freaks.) The so-called spontaneous amputations of variousparts of the extremities are caused by pressure ofamniotic bands or the umbilical cord. The ends ofthe amputations are then pointed. In other casesthere is not complete amputation but constriction,resulting in deep, circular grooves extending to thebone (Fig. 149). In spite of the depth of the grooves,the circulation remains normal, but there is oftenelephantiasic thickening from lymphatic congestion.In some cases the bones are constricted, as shown bythe X-rays. The remains of the amniotic bands areoften present in the constricted places. Other malformations, also due to tightness of theembryonic membranes, are synechia of the fingers(webbed fingers), hare-lip, cleft-palate, transversefissure of the cheek, and fissure of the tongue. Treatment. When the constricted parts arefunctionless they should be amputated. Elephanti-asis may be treated by cuneiform excision. 408 Bockenheimer, Atlas. lab. CXIX.Text Appearing After Image:hig. 14y. Ainputalioiies aiiiiiioticae. Pfhmnn Pnninanv. Npw-York. In Fig. 149 the function of the fingers was normalso that no operation was necessary. In this casethere was also hare-lip and cleft-palate, which wereoperated upon. 409 AKROMEGALIA (Acromegaly)MAKROMELIA (Macwmelia)MAKROGLOSSIA (Macroglossia)Plate CXX, Fig. 150. The term Acromegaly is applied to a condition inwhich there is enlargement of the terminal portionsof the body—the hands, feet, nose, cheeks, tongueand ears. The enlargement affects all the tissues(true giantism) and does not appear till after thetermination of the period of growth, thus differingfrom congenital giantism. In some cases there isincreased growth of hair, and curvature of the verte-bral column. The disease causes considerable dis-figurement of the face. It generally appears betweenthe twentieth and fortieth years and may remainstationary. In many cases there is, first of all,hypertrophy of the bones of the hands, feet and face. The disease has bNote About Images
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What Is Amniotic Band Syndrome?
Amniotic band syndrome refers to a condition in which bands develop from the inner lining of the amnion. The amnion is the sac that surrounds the baby in the womb. As the baby develops in the womb, the bands may attach to and affect the development of different areas of the body. This may result in constriction of the affected area or even amputation. The signs and symptoms vary greatly depending on the area(s) of the body involved and may include: shortened or absent digits (fingers and/or toes) or limbs (arms and/or legs), an opening in the abdomen through which various abdominal organs can protrude (abdominal wall defects), protrusion of a portion of the brain and its surrounding membranes through a skull defect (encephalocele), and cleft lip and/or palate. In most instances, the cause of amniotic bands remains unknown. Researchers have suggested two main theories to explain the development: the extrinsic theory and the intrinsic theory. The extrinsic theory states that amniotic band syndrome occurs due to factors found outside of the developing baby (externally); the intrinsic theory states that amniotic band syndrome occurs due to factors found within the baby (internally). Treatment differs depending on the severity of the condition and the areas of the body affected and may include surgery, physical therapy, and occupational therapy.
Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
Additional Materials (8)
Allesandra's Story -- Amniotic Band Syndrome Success Story
Video by Variety - The Children's Charity of BC/YouTube
Banner Children's Treatment for Amniotic Band Syndrome
Video by Banner Health/YouTube
What is Amniotic Band Syndrome?
Video by Fetal Care Center Dallas/YouTube
Amniotic band syndrome !!
Video by 123radiology/YouTube
ABC Medical Mysteries Leonardo da Vinci Syndactyly Il Mancino Anatomy
Video by leonardoshands/YouTube
syndactyly - congenital hand differences - Boston Children's Hospital
Video by Boston Children's Hospital/YouTube
What is Amniotic Band Syndrome?
Video by FetalTreatment/YouTube
FETOSCOPY OF AMNIOTIC BAND SYNDROME IN A LIVE FETUS
Video by STERGIOS TZITZIMIKAS/YouTube
2:19
Allesandra's Story -- Amniotic Band Syndrome Success Story
Variety - The Children's Charity of BC/YouTube
3:03
Banner Children's Treatment for Amniotic Band Syndrome
Banner Health/YouTube
1:18
What is Amniotic Band Syndrome?
Fetal Care Center Dallas/YouTube
4:42
Amniotic band syndrome !!
123radiology/YouTube
1:47
ABC Medical Mysteries Leonardo da Vinci Syndactyly Il Mancino Anatomy
leonardoshands/YouTube
3:52
syndactyly - congenital hand differences - Boston Children's Hospital
Boston Children's Hospital/YouTube
2:16
What is Amniotic Band Syndrome?
FetalTreatment/YouTube
4:18
FETOSCOPY OF AMNIOTIC BAND SYNDROME IN A LIVE FETUS
STERGIOS TZITZIMIKAS/YouTube
Symptoms
Amniotic band constriction
Image by ChopperMags
Amniotic band constriction
This is a collage showing the hands of a 26 year old male (my hands) with Amniotic Band Syndrome. This person is capable of typing, writing, playing guitar, and most other tasks that are done by people without any hand problems. Having grown up with this syndrome, this person has no significant difficulties in performing normally. Originally created for the Amniotic band syndrome entry.
Image by ChopperMags
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Amniotic Band Syndrome?
The symptoms of amniotic band syndrome depend on the severity and location of the constrictions. The mildest constrictions affect only the superficial skin and may not require treatment. Deeper constrictions may block lymphatic vessels, impair blood flow, and require immediate surgical care. When the bands affect the limbs, the lower part of the limbs are most often involved, especially the middle, long, and index fingers of the hand. When the feet are involved, the bands most commonly affect the big toe.Pressure from the bands may result in additional abnormalities, such as underdevelopment of a limb, bone abnormalities, amputations, leg-length discrepancy, and club feet. Constriction bands across the head and face may lead to facial clefts. Severe clefts affecting vital organs are often life-threatening.
Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
Additional Materials (1)
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Amniotic band syndrome
Amniotic band syndrome in a newborn after amniotic band removal. Tibia and fabia bones, muscles and nerves are completely severed.
Image by Phänotyp/Wikimedia
Sensitive content
This media may include sensitive content
Amniotic band syndrome
Phänotyp/Wikimedia
Cause
Amnion Development
Image by "Conception to Birth: The Visual Guide to Your Pregnancy" by Alexander Tsiaras
Amnion Development
The embryo floats in an interior ocean—the amniotic fluid—contained by a membrane called the amnion. Salt is dissolved in 
the amniotic fluid in the same proportions as it is in our blood, tears, and the Earth’s oceans.
Image by "Conception to Birth: The Visual Guide to Your Pregnancy" by Alexander Tsiaras
What Causes Amniotic Band Syndrome?
Amniotic bands are caused by damage to a part of the placenta called the amnion. Damage to the amnion may produce fiber-like bands that can trap parts of the developing baby.
Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
At 22 weeks, the fetus may measure about 8\" (20 cm) from crown to rump and weigh more than 1 lb, 5 oz (630 g). The circulatory system continues to expand; the blood vessels of the lungs, in particular, are increasing their development. The fetus's tiny blood vessels can be seen through the skin, which is still transparent. All of the eye parts are developed, and the fetus has a hand and startle reflex.
The earliest reported detection of an amniotic band is at 12 weeks gestation, by vaginal ultrasound. On ultrasound the bands appear as thin, mobile lines, which may be seen attached to or around the baby. However these bands may be difficult to detect by ultrasound, and are more often diagnosed by the results of the fusion, such as missing or deformed limbs.
Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
Additional Materials (2)
Ultrasound Scan ND
Ultrasound scan. Amniotic band. Provided as-is. Please feel free to categorise, add description, crop or rename.
Image by Nevit Dilmen (talk)/Wikimedia
Vaginal ultrasonography
Vaginal ultrasonography in the sagittal plane in mild ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (hence the enlarged ovary).
Image by Mikael Haggstrom, from original by BruceBlaus
Ultrasound Scan ND
Nevit Dilmen (talk)/Wikimedia
Vaginal ultrasonography
Mikael Haggstrom, from original by BruceBlaus
Treatment
A baby hand affected by amniotic band syndrome
Image by Moscowmom
A baby hand affected by amniotic band syndrome
A baby hand affected by amniotic band syndrome
Image by Moscowmom
How Might Amniotic Band Syndrome Be Treated?
Mild cases may not require treatment, however all bands need monitoring as growth occurs to watch for progressive constriction and swelling. Other constrictions may require surgical management; surgical options will vary depending on the abnormality. People with amniotic band syndrome who have amputations may benefit from the use of prosthetics.
Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
Prognosis
Prognosis Icon
Image by mcmurryjulie/Pixabay
Prognosis Icon
Image by mcmurryjulie/Pixabay
What Is the Long-Term Outlook for People with Amniotic Band Syndrome?
Because the prognosis of people with amniotic band syndrome can vary from patient to patient, the best person to provide your family with information regarding your child's prognosis, is the health care providers involved in their care. In general, the outlook for infants with a single band involving the superficial skin of the wrist and/or hand is good. While the family and child will need to adjust to the cosmetic difference, the functional use of the hand is normal. Deeper bands can be associated with complications (i.e., blockage of lymph and blood vessels) that can worsen over time and may require surgery. Some people with amniotic band syndrome are born with acrosyndactyly, a fusion of the fingers that may limit the hand function and cause stiffness of the joints. In many cases a good ability to hold and grasp may be obtained with reconstructive procedures.
Source: Genetic and Rare Diseases (GARD) Information Center
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Amniotic Band Syndrome
Amniotic band syndrome refers to a condition in which bands develop from the inner lining of the amnion. The amnion is the sac that surrounds the baby in the womb.