Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK) is a chronic and recurrent eye disease which affects the superior bulbar conjunctiva (the clear layer that covers the eyeball, over the sclera) and tarsal conjunctiva (the clear layer that lines the eyelids), as well as the superior limbic aspect of the cornea (the area above the cornea). It is commonly found in women 20-70 years of age. The signs and symptoms include burning, redness and irritation and tend to develop slowly over a period of 1 to 10 years. Vision usually remains intact. While the underlying cause of SLK remains unknown, it is believed that the condition is secondary to superior bulbar conjunctiva laxity. Factors inducing conjunctiva laxity include thyroid eye disease (usually hyperthyroidism), tight upper eyelids, and prominent globes. A mimicking disorder has been encountered in soft contact lens (SCL) wearers, typically with exposure to thimerosal-preserved solutions. Treatment of SLK may involve the use of various medications, surgery, or a combination of both.

The symptoms of SLK develop slowly over 1 to 10 years and usually occur in both eyes (bilateral). Vision is rarely affected. The most common symptoms include burning, irritation and redness. These symptoms may be more pronounced when looking up.

A different condition, known as Contact Lens-Induced Superior Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis (CLSLK) is an eye inflammatory condition with an almost identical presentation, but it is related to contact lens wear.

• Silver nitrate (antiseptic) solution
• Mast cell stabilizers (used to prevent or control allergic reactions)
• Vitamin A preparations
• Cyclosporine A
• Autologous (self) serum–derived drops
• Botulinum injection to the overlying muscle

Surgical options include cryotherapy (use of cold to destroy abnormal tissue), conjunctival resection of the superior limbal conjunctiva, and thermal cautery of superior limbal conjunctiva, which may be curative.

More detailed information related to the treatment of SLK can be accessed through Medscape Reference.

In general, the prognosis for SLK is excellent. While the symptoms may last for years, most cases go into remission or totally resolve over time.