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HIV Medicines

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HIV Medicines

Truvada for HIV PrEP

Image by Tony Webster from Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States/Wikimedia

HIV Medicines

Truvada for HIV PrEP - Blue Pills

Image by Tony Webster from Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States/Wikimedia

About HIV Medicines

What is HIV?

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying CD4 cells. These are a type of white blood cells that fight infection. The loss of these cells makes it hard for your body to fight off infections and certain HIV-related cancers.

Without treatment, HIV can gradually destroy the immune system and advance to AIDS. AIDS stands for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is the final stage of infection with HIV. Not everyone with HIV develops AIDS.

What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?

The treatment of HIV with medicines is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). It involves taking a combination of medicines every day. ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. The medicines do not cure HIV infection, but help people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. They also reduce the risk of spreading the virus to others.

How do HIV medicines work?

HIV medicines reduce the amount of HIV (viral load) in your body, which helps by:

Giving your immune system a chance to recover. Even though there is still some HIV in your body, your immune system should be strong enough to fight off infections and certain HIV-related cancers.
Reducing the risk that you will spread HIV to others.

What are the types of HIV medicines?

There are many different types (called classes) of HIV medicines. Some work by blocking or changing enzymes that HIV needs to make copies of itself. This prevents HIV from copying itself, which reduces the amount of HIV in the body. Several types of medicines do this:

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) block an enzyme called reverse transcriptase
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) bind to and later change reverse transcriptase
Integrase inhibitors, also called integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), block an enzyme called integrase
Protease inhibitors (PIs) block an enzyme called protease

Some types of HIV medicines interfere with HIV's ability to infect CD4 immune system cells:

Fusion inhibitors block HIV from entering the cells
CCR5 antagonists and post-attachment inhibitors block different molecules on the CD4 cells. To infect a cell, HIV has to bind to two types of molecules on the cell's surface. Blocking either of these molecules prevents HIV from entering the cells.
Attachment inhibitors bind to a specific protein on the outer surface of HIV. This prevents HIV from entering the cell.

Pharmacokinetic enhancers are another type of medicine. They are sometimes taken along with certain other HIV medicines. Pharmacokinetic enhancers increase the effectiveness of the other medicine. They work by slowing the breakdown of the other medicine. This allows that medicine to stay in the body longer at a higher concentration.

There are also multidrug combinations, which include a combination of two or more different types of HIV medicines.

When do I need to start taking HIV medicines?

It's important to start taking HIV medicines as soon as possible after your diagnosis, especially if you:

Are pregnant
Have AIDS
Have certain HIV-related illnesses and infections
Have an early HIV infection (the first 6 months after infection with HIV)

What else do I need to know about taking HIV medicines?

You and your health care provider will work together to come up with a personal treatment plan. This plan will be based on many factors, including:

The possible side effects of HIV medicines
Potential drug interactions with any other medicines you take
How many medicines you will need to take every day
Any other health problems you may have

It's important to take your medicines every day, according to the instructions from your provider. If you miss doses or don't follow a regular schedule, your treatment may not work, and the HIV virus may become resistant to the medicines.

HIV medicines can cause side effects. Most of these side effects are manageable, but a few can be serious. Tell your provider about any side effects that you are having. Don't stop taking your medicine without first talking to your provider. There may be steps you can take to help manage the side effects. In some cases, your provider may decide to change your medicines.

What are HIV PrEP and PEP medicines?

HIV medicines are not just used for treatment. Some people take them to prevent HIV. PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who don't already have HIV but are at very high risk of getting it. PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV.

Source: NIH: Office of AIDS Research

Additional Materials (4)

Truvada for HIV PrEP

Tony Webster from Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States/Wikimedia

HIV medicines in an HIV regimen

HIV medicines in an HIV regimen

Drugs that fight HIV

NIAID; National Institutes of Health

1:46

HIV / AIDS Medicines - A Short History, 5 Major Types of Medicines, & How They Work

Rehealthify/YouTube

Quick Facts

HIV medicines in an HIV regimen

Image by HIV medicines in an HIV regimen

Quick Facts About HIV and AIDS Medicines

There is a lot you need to know about HIV. Read these quick facts before you talk with your healthcare provider about your HIV treatment.

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
HIV makes it hard for your body to fight off sickness.
There are cells in your blood called “CD4 cells” or “T cells.” These cells help protect your body from disease. HIV kills these cells.
There are medicines that you can take to reduce the amount of HIV and increase the CD4 cells in your body.
These medicines do not cure HIV, but can help you live a longer, healthier life. These medicines also lower the risk of giving HIV to someone else.
The medicines used to treat HIV are called “antiretroviral treatment,” or ART. There are different kinds of ART medicines.
When you are on ART for HIV, you need to take medicine every day. You may need to take 1 or more pills every day. Some ART medicines come in a liquid you take by mouth or as an intravenous, or IV, infusion your healthcare provider can give to you. The combination of different HIV medicines that you take is called your regimen.
It is important that you take your medicines every day. Do not skip doses or stop taking your medicines without first talking to your healthcare provider. Over time, you can get sick if you do not take your medicines.
You should not breastfeed if you are HIV-positive because HIV can be passed to your baby through breast milk.
Some medicines may reduce how well some hormonal birth control works. Patients who could become pregnant should talk to their healthcare provider about birth control and what medicines are best for them.
Before taking any new ART medicine, tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
If you are HIV-positive and pregnant, you can lower the chance of passing HIV to your unborn baby by taking ART.
- Some HIV medicines should not be taken at the time of conception through the first trimester of pregnancy because they may harm your unborn baby.
- Some HIV medicines should not be taken at all during pregnancy. You may not have enough of certain HIV medicines in your body because of changes to your body that occur during pregnancy.
Some people with HIV may have changes in body fat, such as fat build-up in the belly, neck, or breasts or fat loss in the arms, legs, buttocks, or face. Some people with HIV will never have these changes. The exact cause is not known. It may be caused by HIV infection or medicines to treat HIV.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Do not start a new medicine or stop taking a medicine without telling your healthcare provider.

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Additional Materials (8)

FDA Approval of HIV Medicines

AIDSInfo

1:29

Public Health and HIV Prevention Efforts

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/YouTube

0:59

Coronavirus Vaccine: Drugmakers Test Ebola, HIV Medicines to Halt Virus

Bloomberg Quicktake: Now/YouTube

2:08

Start Talking. Stop HIV.: Medicines that treat HIV (Treatment as Prevention)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/YouTube

4:52

HIV: Are We Close to a Cure? -- The Doctors

The Doctors/YouTube

11:55

The Plan to End HIV For Good: The Truvada Revolution (Part 1/3)

VICE/YouTube

4:31

Why it’s so hard to cure HIV/AIDS - Janet Iwasa

TED-Ed/YouTube

1:46

HIV / AIDS Medicines - A Short History, 5 Major Types of Medicines, & How They Work

Rehealthify/YouTube

Risks and Side Effects

Side Effects

Image by WiStudio from NounProject.com

HIV and AIDS Medicines Risks and Side Effects

HIV medicines can sometimes cause side effects. Some side effects happen for a short time. Other side effects can cause long term health problems. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effects you are having. Do not stop taking your medicine without first talking to your healthcare provider. Your healthcare provider may tell you tips to help you cope with the side effects. Your healthcare provider may also tell you to take different medicines.

This page does not give the specific side effects and warnings for each HIV medicine.
Talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the medicines you take.
Check the FDA Web site to find more HIV medicine information.

My Regimen

It is important that you take your HIV medicines just as your healthcare provider tells you. Your medicines may not work if you skip a dose or do not stick to your schedule. Over time, you can get sick if you do not take your medicines as directed. Your HIV may become resistant to your medicines. This means your medicines could stop working and more HIV could build up in your body.

Here are some tips to help you remember when to take your HIV medicines.

Use a schedule or planner.
Set the alarm on your watch or phone.
Use a pillbox to help you organize your pills.
Ask a friend or family member to help you.

Chart to help you remember when to take your HIV medicine

Time	Medicine Name	Dose (How many Pills)	Notes
6:30	xxxxx (example)	1 Pill	Take by mouth with food

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

FDA-Approved HIV Medicines

FDA Approval of HIV Medicines

Image by AIDSInfo

FDA-Approved HIV Medicines

Treatment with HIV medicines is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART is recommended for everyone with HIV, and people with HIV should start ART as soon as possible. People on ART take a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day. A person's initial HIV treatment regimen generally includes three HIV medicines from at least two different HIV drug classes.

The following table lists HIV medicines recommended for the treatment of HIV infection in the United States, based on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) HIV/AIDS medical practice guidelines. All of these drugs are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The HIV medicines are listed according to drug class and identified by generic and brand names.

FDA-Approved HIV Medicines

Drug Class	Generic Name (Other names and acronyms)	Brand Name	FDA Approval Date
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
NRTIs block reverse transcriptase, an enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself.	abacavir (abacavir sulfate, ABC)	Ziagen	December 17, 1998
emtricitabine (FTC)	Emtriva	July 2, 2003
lamivudine (3TC)	Epivir	November 17, 1995
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF, TDF)	Viread	October 26, 2001
zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT, ZDV)	Retrovir	March 19, 1987
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
NNRTIs bind to and later alter reverse transcriptase, an enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself.	doravirine (DOR)	Pifeltro	August 30, 2018
efavirenz (EFV)	Sustiva	September 17, 1998
etravirine (ETR)	Intelence	January 18, 2008
nevirapine (extended-release nevirapine, NVP)	Viramune	June 21, 1996
Viramune XR (extended release)	March 25, 2011
rilpivirine (rilpivirine hydrochloride, RPV)	Edurant	May 20, 2011
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
PIs block HIV protease, an enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself.	atazanavir (atazanavir sulfate, ATV)	Reyataz	June 20, 2003
darunavir (darunavir ethanolate, DRV)	Prezista	June 23, 2006
fosamprenavir (fosamprenavir calcium, FOS-APV, FPV)	Lexiva	October 20, 2003
ritonavir (RTV) *Although ritonavir is a PI, it is generally used as a pharmacokinetic enhancer as recommended in the Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV and the Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Pediatric HIV Infection.	Norvir	March 1, 1996
tipranavir (TPV)	Aptivus	June 22, 2005
Fusion Inhibitors
Fusion inhibitors block HIV from entering the CD4 T lymphocyte (CD4 cells) of the immune system.	enfuvirtide (T-20)	Fuzeon	March 13, 2003
CCR5 Antagonists
CCR5 antagonists block CCR5 coreceptors on the surface of certain immune cells that HIV needs to enter the cells.	maraviroc (MVC)	Selzentry	August 6, 2007
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (INSTIs)
Integrase inhibitors block HIV integrase, an enzyme HIV needs to make copies of itself.	cabotegravir (cabotegravir sodium, CAB)	Vocabria	January 22, 2021
dolutegravir (dolutegravir sodium, DTG)	Tivicay Tivicay PD	August 12, 2013 June 12, 2020
raltegravir (raltegravir potassium, RAL)	Isentress	October 12, 2007
Isentress HD	May 26, 2017
Attachment Inhibitors
Attachment inhibitors bind to the gp120 protein on the outer surface of HIV, preventing HIV from entering CD4 cells.	fostemsavir (fostemsavir tromethamine, FTR)	Rukobia	July 2, 2020
Post-Attachment Inhibitors
Post-attachment inhibitors block CD4 receptors on the surface of certain immune cells that HIV needs to enter the cells.	ibalizumab-uiyk (Hu5A8, IBA, Ibalizumab, TMB-355, TNX-355)	Trogarzo	March 6, 2018
Capsid Inhibitors
Capsid inhibitors interfere with the HIV capsid, a protein shell that protects HIV's genetic material and enzymes needed for replication.	lenacapavir (GS-6207, GS-HIV, GS-CA2, GS-CA1)	Sunlenca	December 22, 2022
Pharmacokinetic Enhancers
Pharmacokinetic enhancers are used in HIV treatment to increase the effectiveness of an HIV medicine included in an HIV treatment regimen.	cobicistat (COBI, c)	Tybost	September 24, 2014
Combination HIV Medicines
Combination HIV medicines contain two or more HIV medicines from one or more drug classes.	abacavir and lamivudine (abacavir sulfate / lamivudine, ABC / 3TC)	Epzicom	August 2, 2004
abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine(abacavir sulfate / dolutegravir sodium / lamivudine, ABC / DTG / 3TC)	Triumeq	August 22, 2014
Triumeq PD	March 30, 2022
abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine (abacavir sulfate / lamivudine / zidovudine, ABC / 3TC / ZDV)	Trizivir	November 14, 2000
atazanavir and cobicistat (atazanavir sulfate / cobicistat, ATV / COBI)	Evotaz	January 29, 2015
bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (bictegravir sodium / emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, BIC / FTC / TAF)	Biktarvy	February 7, 2018
cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB and RPV, CAB plus RPV, Cabenuva kit, cabotegravir extended-release injectable suspension and rilpivirine extended-release injectable suspension)	Cabenuva	January 22, 2021
darunavir and cobicistat (darunavir ethanolate / cobicistat, DRV / COBI)	Prezcobix	January 29, 2015
darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (darunavir ethanolate / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir AF, darunavir ethanolate / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide, darunavir / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir AF, darunavir / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, DRV / COBI / FTC / TAF)	Symtuza	July 17, 2018
dolutegravir and lamivudine (dolutegravir sodium / lamivudine, DTG / 3TC)	Dovato	April 8, 2019
dolutegravir and rilpivirine (dolutegravir sodium / rilpivirine hydrochloride, DTG / RPV)	Juluca	November 21, 2017
doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (doravirine / lamivudine / TDF, doravirine / lamivudine / tenofovir DF, DOR / 3TC / TDF)	Delstrigo	August 30, 2018
efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (efavirenz / emtricitabine / tenofovir DF, EFV / FTC / TDF)	Atripla	July 12, 2006
efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV / 3TC / TDF)	Symfi	March 22, 2018
efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV / 3TC / TDF)	Symfi Lo	February 5, 2018
elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (elvitegravir / cobicistat / emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, EVG / COBI / FTC / TAF)	Genvoya	November 5, 2015
elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (QUAD, EVG / COBI / FTC / TDF)	Stribild	August 27, 2012
emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir alafenamide (emtricitabine / rilpivirine / tenofovir AF, emtricitabine / rilpivirine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, emtricitabine / rilpivirine hydrochloride / tenofovir AF, emtricitabine / rilpivirine hydrochloride / tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine / rilpivirine hydrochloride / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, FTC / RPV / TAF)	Odefsey	March 1, 2016
emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (emtricitabine / rilpivirine hydrochloride / tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine / rilpivirine / tenofovir, FTC / RPV / TDF)	Complera	August 10, 2011
emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide (emtricitabine / tenofovir AF, emtricitabine / tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, FTC / TAF)	Descovy	April 4, 2016
emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (emtricitabine / tenofovir DF, FTC / TDF)	Truvada	August 2, 2004
lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (3TC / TDF)	Cimduo	February 28, 2018
lamivudine and zidovudine (3TC / ZDV)	Combivir	September 27, 1997
lopinavir and ritonavir (ritonavir-boosted lopinavir, LPV/r, LPV / RTV)	Kaletra	September 15, 2000

Source: HIVinfo.NIH.gov

CCR5 Antagonists

Maraviroc - Selzentry / CCR5 Antagonist

Image by clinicalinfo.hiv.gov

CCR5 Antagonists for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Names
Selzentry	maraviroc (also called MVC)

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

If you have liver problems, including Hepatitis B or C, should talk to your healthcare provider before taking Selzentry (maraviroc).
If you have kidney problems or heart problems, talk to your healthcare provider before taking Selzentry (maraviroc).
Tell your healthcare provider if you are taking high blood pressure medicines or if you have low blood pressure.
Do not drive a car or use heavy machinery if you feel dizzy while taking Selzentry (maraviroc).
This medication is taken by mouth.

WARNING SIGNS

Selzentry may cause serious liver problems. Call your doctor right away if you have any of these signs:

Itchy rash on your body
Skin or eyes look yellow
Dark urine (looks like tea)
Vomiting and stomach pain

You should also see your doctor right away if you have any of these signs:

Nausea
Flu-like symptoms
Fatigue

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Selzentry

Maraviroc

Also called: Selzentry®

Maraviroc is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of CCR5-tropic HIV infection in people 2 years of age and older weighing at least 22 lb (10 kg). Maraviroc is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Maraviroc

Also called: Selzentry®

Maraviroc is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of CCR5-tropic HIV infection in people 2 years of age and older weighing at least 22 lb (10 kg). Maraviroc is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Maraviroc can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include liver problems, heart problems (including heart attack), skin reactions, and allergic reactions. An allergic reaction may happen before liver problems occur.
Stop taking maraviroc and contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- An itchy rash on the body (allergic reaction)
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Vomiting
- Pain in the upper right stomach area (abdominal pain)
Stop taking maraviroc and contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash with any of the following symptoms:
- Fever
- General ill feeling
- Muscle aches
- Blisters or sores in your mouth
- Blisters or peeling of your skin
- Redness or swelling of your eyes
- Swelling of your face, mouth, or lips
- Trouble breathing
- Yellowing of the skin or whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side below your ribs
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
While taking maraviroc, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking maraviroc, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to maraviroc or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have heart problems.
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have low blood pressure or take medicines to lower blood pressure.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether maraviroc can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Maraviroc should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking maraviroc when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if have HIV or are taking maraviroc.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take, especially St. John's wort. Maraviroc may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how maraviroc works. Certain other medicines may affect the levels of maraviroc in your blood. Your health care provider may need to change your dose of maraviroc when you take it with certain medicines. Taking maraviroc together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Maraviroc (brand name: Selzentry) comes in tablet and oral solution form in five formulations:
- 20-mg/mL oral solution
- 25-mg tablets
- 75-mg tablets
- 150-mg tablets
- 300-mg tablets
Take maraviroc according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take maraviroc with or without food. Swallow maraviroc tablets whole. Do not chew the tablets.
Always take maraviroc in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much maraviroc, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Maraviroc may cause side effects.Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of maraviroc can be serious. Serious side effects of maraviroc include liver problems, heart problems (including heart attack), skin reactions, and allergic reactions. An allergic reaction may happen before liver problems occur. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about maraviroc?)
Other possible serious side effects of maraviroc include:
- Low blood pressure when standing up (postural hypotension). This can cause dizziness or fainting.
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Possible increased risk of other infections or cancer.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of maraviroc. To learn more about possible side effects of maraviroc, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can also report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store maraviroc at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Do not use maraviroc if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away maraviroc that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep maraviroc and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/408/maraviroc--hiv-treatment-/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. SELZENTRY - maraviroc tablet, film coated Physicians Total Care, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
3. Maraviroc. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Maraviroc. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

CD4 Post-Attachment Inhibitor

Trogarzo - Ibalizumab - Post-attachment Inhibitor

Image by clinicalinfo.hiv.gov

CD4 Post-Attachment Inhibitor for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Name
Trogarzo	ibalizumab-uiyk

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

This medicine is used to treat HIV only in adults who:
- have received several anti-HIV regimens in the past, and
- have HIV-1 virus that is resistant to many antiretroviral medicines (ARTs), and
- who are failing their current ART.
This medicine is given by your healthcare provider as an intravenous (IV) infusion.

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Trogarzo

Ibalizumab-Uiyk Injection

Also called: Trogarzo™

Trogarzo (ibalizumab-uiyk) is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral(s) for the treatment of multidrug resistant HIV infection.

Ibalizumab-Uiyk Injection

Also called: Trogarzo™

Trogarzo (ibalizumab-uiyk) is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral(s) for the treatment of multidrug resistant HIV infection.

Ibalizumab-uiyk can cause serious side effects, including changes in your immune system, called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS. IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Contact your health care provider right away if you start having new symptoms after receiving ibalizumab-uiyk that could be signs of IRIS.
While taking ibalizumab-uiyk, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Ibalizumab-uiyk is a prescription medicine that is used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection in adults who:
- have received several anti-HIV-1 regimens in the past, and
- have HIV-1 virus that is resistant to many antiretroviral medicines, and
- who are failing their current antiretroviral therapy
Ibalizumab-uiyk is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
Ibalizumab-uiyk belongs to a group of HIV drugs called post-attachment inhibitors. Post-attachment inhibitors work by attaching to a protein on the surface of the immune cells. The protein is called the CD4 receptor. When ibalizumab-uiyk attaches to the CD4 receptor, HIV cannot attach to, enter, or infect the cell.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including ibalizumab-uiyk, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking ibalizumab-uiyk, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to ibalizumab-uiyk or any other medicines.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether ibalizumab-uiyk can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking ibalizumab-uiyk when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking ibalizumab-uiyk.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Ibalizumab-uiyk may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking ibalizumab-uiyk.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Ibalizumab-uiyk may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how ibalizumab-uiyk works. Taking ibalizumab-uiyk together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
- Refrigerate vials of ibalizumab-uiyk between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C). Do not freeze the vials.
- Keep ibalizumab-uiyk in the glass vial that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. Protect the vial from light.
- Do not use ibalizumab-uiyk if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away ibalizumab-uiyk that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep ibalizumab-uiyk and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Ibalizumab-uiyk. AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jul 20, 2019]
2. FDA Drug Trials Snapshots: TROGARZO [accessed on Jan 30, 2019]
3. LABEL: TROGARZO- ibalizumab injection, solution [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
4. Ibalizumab-uiyk Injection. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
5. FDA NEWS RELEASE: FDA approves new HIV treatment for patients who have limited treatment options [accessed on Mar 07, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Ibalizumab-uiyk Injection. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

CYP3A Inhibitors

Norvir - Ritonavir / Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

Image by clinicalinfo.hiv.gov

CYP3A Inhibitors for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Names
Tybost	cobicistat
Norvir	ritonavir (also called RTV)

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

Before taking these medicines, tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. CYP3A inhibitors may interact with many different medicines. Some interactions can be serious. Tell your healthcare provider about all medicines you take, including prescriptions, over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements, like St. John’s Wort.
These medicines may reduce how well some (hormonal) birth control works. Talk to your healthcare provider about what medicine is best for you
These medications are taken by mouth.

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Tybost

Cobicistat

Also called: Tybost®

Cobicistat is a prescription medicine used to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection.

Cobicistat

Also called: Tybost®

Cobicistat is a prescription medicine used to increase systemic exposure of atazanavir or darunavir (once daily dosing regimen) in combination with other antiretroviral agents in the treatment of HIV infection.

Some drugs should not be taken with cobicistat. Cobicistat may interact with many drugs, which can cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
When taken with certain other medicines, cobicistat can make existing kidney problems worse. It can also cause new kidney problems, including kidney failure. Your health care provider should check your kidneys before you start and while you are taking cobicistat.
If you are taking cobicistat, tell your health care provider about other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (including St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take.
While taking cobicistat, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking cobicistat, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to cobicistat, atazanavir, darunavir, or any other medicines.
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have liver problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Cobicistat should not be used during pregnancy.Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking cobicistat when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking cobicistat.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). How hormone-based birth control interacts with cobicistat is unknown. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking cobicistat.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Cobicistat may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how cobicistat works. Taking cobicistat together with atazanavir or darunavir, along with certain other medicines can lead to severe or life threatening side effects, or death. Keep a list of your medicines and show it to your health care provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
- Store cobicistat at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep cobicistat in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use cobicistat if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away cobicistat that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep cobicistat and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/536/cobicistat/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. LABEL: TYBOST- cobicistat tablet, film coated [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
3. https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB09065 [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
4. Cobicistat. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Cobicistat. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Norvir

Ritonavir

Also called: Norvir®

Ritonavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children older than 1 month. Ritonavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Ritonavir

Also called: Norvir®

Ritonavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children older than 1 month. Ritonavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Ritonavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), heart rhythm problems, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and drug interactions.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of pancreatitis:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of heart rhythm problems:
- Feeling dizzy or fainting
- Feeling lightheaded
- Abnormal heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash. Stop taking ritonavir and get medical help right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of a severe allergic reaction:
- Trouble breathing
- Wheezing
- Feeling dizzy or fainting
- Throat tightness or hoarseness
- Fast heartbeat or pounding in your chest
- Sweating
- Swelling of your face, lips, or tongue
- Muscle or joint pain
- Blisters or skin lesions
- Mouth sores or ulcers
Some people taking ritonavir have had liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking ritonavir. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with ritonavir. Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Loss of appetite
- Pain or tenderness on your right side below your ribs
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Itchy skin
Taking ritonavir with certain other medicines (including sedatives or sleeping pills, medicines for irregular heartbeat, or ergot medicines) may result in serious, life-threatening drug interactions. Before taking ritonavir, tell your health care provider about all medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements (particularly St. John's wort).
Ritonavir oral solution contains a large amount of alcohol. Because of this, a toddler or young child can become sick from drinking more than the recommended dose of ritonavir. If this happens, call your local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) or go to the nearest hospital emergency room immediately.
While taking ritonavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking ritonavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to ritonavir or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have or have ever had heart problems.
- If you have or have ever had diabetes or high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- If you have or have ever had bleeding problems or hemophilia.
- If you have or have ever had any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not take ritonavir oral solution while pregnant. Whether other formulations of ritonavir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking ritonavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking ritonavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Ritonavir may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking ritonavir.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Ritonavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how ritonavir works. Taking ritonavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Ritonavir (brand name: Norvir) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 100-mg tablets.
- 100-mg soft gelatin capsules.
- 80-mg/mL oral solution. (An oral solution is a mixture of a medicine and a liquid that can be taken by mouth.)
- 100-mg of oral powder (The oral powder is mixed with soft foods or liquid and then can be taken by mouth.)
Take ritonavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take ritonavir with meals.
Swallow ritonavir tablets whole. Do not chew, break, or crush the tablets before swallowing.
Ritonavir oral solution is a peppermint- or caramel-flavored liquid that can be taken alone or mixed with 8 ounces of chocolate milk, Ensure®, or Advera® to improve the taste. (When mixed with these fluids, ritonavir oral solution should be taken within 1 hour of mixing.) Always shake the oral solution well before each use.
Ritonavir oral solution contains a large amount of alcohol. Because of this, a toddler or young child can become sick from accidentally drinking more than the recommended dose of ritonavir. If this happens, call your local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) or go to the nearest hospital emergency room immediately.
Ritonavir oral powder comes in individual packets and is an option for children. The oral powder is mixed into a spoonful or more of soft food (such as applesauce or pudding) or liquid (such as water, milk, or infant formula). The bitter aftertaste of ritonavir oral powder may be lessened if it’s given with food. All of the mixture should be taken. The mixture must be given within 2 hours of mixing with the food or liquid. If it’s not given within 2 hours of mixing, throw away the mixture and prepare a new dose.
Always take ritonavir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much ritonavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Ritonavir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of ritonavir can be serious. Serious, life-threatening side effects of ritonavir include inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), heart rhythm problems, severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and drug interactions. (See the WARNING box above.)
Other possible side effects of ritonavir include:
- Increase in levels of certain fats (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of ritonavir. To learn more about possible side effects of ritonavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
Store ritonavir in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. Do not use ritonavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
Follow specific storage instructions for ritonavir tablets, capsules, oral solution, and oral powder.
Ritonavir tablets:
- Store ritonavir tablets below 86°F (30°C). Ritonavir tablets can be exposed to temperatures up to 122°F (50°C) for up to 7 days.
- If ritonavir tablets are not stored in their original container, don’t expose the tablets to high humidity for longer than 2 weeks.
Ritonavir capsules:
- Store ritonavir capsules in the refrigerator, 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). If the capsules are used within 30 days, they don’t need to be refrigerated but do need to be stored below 77°F (25°C).
- Protect the capsules from light and excessive heat.
Ritonavir oral solution:
- Store ritonavir oral solution at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Don't refrigerate ritonavir oral solution and keep it away from heat.
Ritonavir oral powder:
- Store ritonavir oral powder at or below 86°F (30°C).
Throw away ritonavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Keep ritonavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/244/ritonavir/0/patient [accessed on Nov 09, 2018]
2. Ritonavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Ritonavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Combination Medicines

HIV drug classes

Image by Thomas Splettstoesser (www.scistyle.com)/Wikimedia

Combination Medicines for HIV and AIDS

Combination medicines include two or more different HIV medicines in one pill. There are different types of combination HIV medicines.

Single Tablet Regimen (You only take 1 pill each day.)

Brand Name	Other Names
Atripla	efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Biktarvy	bictegravir sodium, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
Complera	emtricitabine, rilpivirine hydrochloride, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Delstrigo	doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Dovato	dolutegravir sodium and lamivudine
Genvoya	cobicistat, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
Juluca	dolutegravir sodium and rilpivirine hydrochloride
Odefsey	emtricitabine, rilpivirine hydrochloride, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
Stribild	cobicistat, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Symfi Symfi Lo	efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Symtuza	cobicistat, darunavir ethanolate, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
Triumeq	abacavir sulfate, dolutegravir sodium, and lamivudine

You take the following combination medicines along with other HIV medicines.

Brand Name	Other Names
Cimduo	lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Combivir	lamivudine and zidovudine
Descovy	emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
Epzicom	abacavir sulfate and lamivudine
Evotaz	atazanavir sulfate and cobicistat
Kaletra	lopinavir and ritonavir
Prezcobix	cobicistat and darunavir ethanolate
Temixys	lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Trizivir	abacavir sulfate, lamivudine, and zidovudine
Truvada*	emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

* Truvada can be used in combination with safer sex practices to reduce the risk of a certain type of HIV in at-risk individuals. This regimen is called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP. Talk to your healthcare provider for more information on PrEP.

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIP

Before you take these medicines, tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Atripla

Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Atripla®

Atripla (efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg). Atripla can be used alone as a complete treatment regimen or with other HIV medicines.

Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Atripla®

Atripla (efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg). Atripla can be used alone as a complete treatment regimen or with other HIV medicines.

Atripla can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your hands and feet
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Atripla can cause new or worsening liver problems. Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that may be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Atripla is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have both HIV and HBV and take Atripla, your HBV may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking Atripla. The HBV drug adefovir dipivoxil (brand name: Hepsera) should not be taken with Atripla.

If you take Atripla, you should not take certain other HIV medicines. Atripla may interact with some drugs, which can cause serious or life-threatening side effects.

While taking Atripla, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Atripla is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 88 pounds (40 kg). Atripla can be used alone as a complete treatment regimen or with other HIV medicines.
Atripla contains the following three different HIV medicines combined in one pill:
- Efavirenz – an HIV medicine called a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – an HIV medicine that is also an NRTI
Both NNRTIs and NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, the three drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking Atripla, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Atripla (efavirenz, emtricitabine, or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or any other medicines.
- If you have kidney problems or are undergoing kidney dialysis treatment.
- If you have bone problems.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV).
- If you have or have ever had a mental illness.
- If you have ever had seizures or are taking medicine for seizures.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are using drugs or alcohol.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Women should not become pregnant while taking Atripla and for 12 weeks after stopping it. Serious birth defects have been seen in the babies of animals and women treated with efavirenz (one of the medicines in Atripla) during pregnancy. Whether efavirenz caused the birth defects is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about how to continue your HIV treatment when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Atripla.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Atripla may make these forms of birth control less effective. Women who are able to become pregnant must use two effective forms of birth control while taking Atripla and for 12 weeks after stopping treatment with Atripla. A barrier form of birth control, such as a condom or diaphragm, must be used along with another type of birth control. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking Atripla.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Especially tell your doctor if you are taking voriconazole (brand name: Vfend) or adefovir dipivoxil (brand name: Hepsera). Atripla may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Atripla works. Taking Atripla together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Atripla comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 600 mg efavirenz (brand name: Sustiva)
- 200 mg emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (brand name: Viread)
Take Atripla according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Atripla on an empty stomach, preferably at bedtime. Swallow Atripla tablets with water.
If you take too much Atripla, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Atripla may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Atripla can be serious. Serious side effects of Atripla include buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems. (See the WARNING box above.)
Other possible side effects of Atripla include:
- Serious psychiatric problems, including severe depression, angry behavior, or suicidal thoughts.
- New or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure.
- Bone problems (bone pain, softening, or thinning [osteopenia]).
- Changes in body fat (called lipodystrophy).
- Skin discoloration (small spots or freckles).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Rash. A rash can be serious. Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash.
- Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).
- Allergic reactions (including swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Atripla. To learn more about possible side effects of Atripla, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can also report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store Atripla at room temperature, 77°F (25°C).
- Keep Atripla in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Atripla if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Atripla that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep Atripla and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Efavirenz / Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. AIDSinfo. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Oct 31, 2018]
2. Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Biktarvy

Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Biktarvy®

Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (Biktarvy) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 55 lb (25 kg). It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Biktarvy®

Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (Biktarvy) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 55 lb (25 kg). It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Biktarvy can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and severe liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your hands and feet
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Feeling sick to your stomach (nausea)
- Pain, aching, or tenderness in your stomach area
If you have both HIV and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and take Biktarvy, your HBV infectionmay get worse (flare up) if you stop taking Biktarvy. To help avoid this, take Biktarvy exactly as prescribed. Do not run out of Biktarvy or stop taking Biktarvy without talking to your health care provider.
If you take Biktarvy, you should not take other HIV medicines.
While taking Biktarvy, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Biktarvy is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 55 lb (25 kg):
- who have not received anti-HIV medicines in the past, or
- to replace their current anti-HIV medicines for people whose healthcare provider determines that they meet certain requirements.
Biktarvy is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Biktarvy contains the following three different medicines combined in one pill:
- Bictegravir – an HIV medicine called an integrase inhibitor
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir alafenamide – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
Integrase inhibitors block an HIV enzyme called integrase and NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking integrase and reverse transcriptase, these three drugs work in combination to prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.

HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including Biktarvy, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Do not take Biktarvy if you also take a medicine that contains:
- dofetilide
- rifampin
Before taking Biktarvy, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Biktarvy (bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV).
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether Biktarvy can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Biktarvy when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Biktarvy.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Biktarvy may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Biktarvy works. Taking Biktarvy together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects. Do not take Biktarvy if you take dofetilide or rifampin. Taking Biktarvy with dofetilide or rifampin can cause side effects that may be serious or life-threatening or could result in reduced effectiveness of Biktarvy.
Biktarvy comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 50 mg of bictegravir
- 200 mg of emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 25 mg of tenofovir alafenamide
Take Biktarvy according to your health care provider’s instructions.

Take Biktarvy with or without food. If you are taking any other medicines or supplements, carefully follow instructions on how to take them with Biktarvy.

If you take too much Biktarvy, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Biktarvy may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Biktarvy can be serious. Serious side effects of Biktarvy include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and severe liver problems. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Biktarvy?)

Other possible side effects of Biktarvy include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- New or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Biktarvy. To learn more about possible side effects of Biktarvy, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.

You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store Biktarvy below 86°F (30°C).
- Keep Biktarvy in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Biktarvy if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Biktarvy that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep Biktarvy and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Bictegravir / Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Alafenamide (Brand Name: Biktarvy). AIDSinfo, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Nov 07, 2018]
2. BIKTARVY® (bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) tablets, for oral use [accessed on Nov 07, 2018]
3. Bictegravir; Emtricitabine; Tenofovir Alafenamide tablets. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. [accessed on Nov 07, 2018]
4. Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Cimduo

Lamivudine and Tenofovir

Also called: Cimduo®

Cimduo (lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 77 pounds (35 kg). It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Lamivudine and Tenofovir

Also called: Cimduo®

Cimduo (lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 77 pounds (35 kg). It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Cimduo can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, and new or worse kidney problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea or vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of severe liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach area
If you have both HIV and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and take Cimduo, your HBV infection may get worse (flare up) if you stop taking Cimduo. Take Cimduo exactly as prescribed. Do not run out of Cimduo and do not stop taking Cimduo without talking to your health care provider.
Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people being treated for hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) taking HIV medicines and interferon alfa with or without ribavirin. If you are taking Cimduo and interferon alfa with or without ribavirin and you have any new symptoms, tell your health care provider.
Some people taking Cimduo have developed new or worse kidney problems, including kidney failure. Your health care provider may do blood and urine tests to check your kidneys before and during treatment with Cimduo.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of kidney problems:
- Bone pain that does not go away or gets worse
- Pain in your arms, hands, legs or feet
- Broken bones
- Muscle pain or weakness
While taking Cimduo, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking Cimduo, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Cimduo (lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including HBV infection or HCV infection.
- If you have kidney problems, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires dialysis.
- If you have bone problems, including a history of broken bones.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Talk to your health care provider about the risks and benefits of taking Cimduo during pregnancy.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Cimduo.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Cimduo may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Cimduo works. Taking Cimduo together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects. You should avoid taking medicines that contain sorbitol during treatment with Cimduo.
Cimduo comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 300 mg lamivudine (brand name: Epivir)
- 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (brand name: Viread)
Take Cimduo according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Cimduo with or without food.
Always take Cimduo in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much Cimduo, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Cimduo may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Cimduo can be serious. Serious side effects of Cimduo include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, and new or worse kidney problems. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Cimduo?)
Other possible side effects of Cimduo include:
- Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) in some children. Contact your health care provider right away if your child develops signs and symptoms of pancreatitis, including severe upper stomach-area pain, with or without nausea and vomiting.
- Bone problems (bone pain, softening or thinning).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Cimduo. To learn more about possible side effects of Cimduo, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Store Cimduo at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Cimduo in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Cimduo if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Cimduo that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep Cimduo and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Lamivudine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate / AIDSinfo [accessed on Apr 08, 2020]
2. Lamivudine and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Lamivudine and Tenofovir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Combivir

Lamivudine and Zidovudine

Also called: Combivir®

Lamivudine and zidovudine, marketed under the brand name Combivir®, is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing more than 66 lb (30 kg). Combivir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Lamivudine and Zidovudine

Also called: Combivir®

Lamivudine and zidovudine, marketed under the brand name Combivir®, is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing more than 66 lb (30 kg). Combivir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Combivir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, muscle weakness (myopathy), and blood disorders such as a very low number of red blood cells (severe anemia) or lower than normal number of white blood cells (neutropenia).
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of serious liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain in the right side of your stomach area (abdominal pain)
Contact your health care provider right away if you have muscle weakness.
Combivir can cause blood disorders such as a very low number of red blood cells (severe anemia) or lower than normal number of white blood cells (neutropenia). Keep all appointments to have your blood count checked while you’re taking Combivir.
Some people who have both HIV and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) have had a worsening of their HBV infection after stopping lamivudine, one of the two HIV medicines contained in Combivir. Talk to your health care provider about any changes to your HIV regimen.
Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people who have both HIV and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) and who are taking HIV medicines and are also being treated for HCV with interferon with or without ribavirin. If you are taking Combivir as well as interferon with or without ribavirin and you experience new side effects, tell your health care provider.
While taking Combivir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Combivir is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing more than 66 lb (30 kg). Combivir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
Combivir contains the following two different medicines combined in one pill:
- Lamivudine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI).
- Zidovudine – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI).
Combivir belongs to a group of HIV drugs called NRTIs. NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, the two NRTIs in Combivir prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking Combivir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to either of the medicines in Combivir (lamivudine or zidovudine) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had any blood disorders, such as anemia or bone marrow problems.
- If you have or have ever had any muscle disorder, such as myopathy (muscle weakness).
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, such as hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether Combivir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Combivir should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Combivir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Combivir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Combivir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Combivir works. Taking Combivir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Combivir comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 150 mg lamivudine (brand name: Epivir)
- 300 mg zidovudine (brand name: Retrovir)
Take Combivir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Combivir with or without food.
Always take Combivir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much Combivir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Combivir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Combivir can be serious. Serious side effects of Combivir include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, muscle weakness (myopathy), and blood disorders such as a very low number of red blood cells (severe anemia) or lower than normal number of white blood cells (neutropenia). (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Combivir?)
Other possible side effects of Combivir include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Loss of body fat, particularly in the face, arms and legs, and buttocks.
- Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Combivir. To learn more about possible side effects of Combivir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store Combivir between 36°F and 86°F (2°C to 30°C).
- Do not use Combivir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Combivir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Combivir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/285/combivir/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Lamivudine and Zidovudine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Lamivudine and Zidovudine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Complera

Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Complera®

Complera (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used for the treatment of HIV infection in certain adults and children who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg). It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Complera®

Complera (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used for the treatment of HIV infection in certain adults and children who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg). It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Complera can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe skin reactions or rash, liver problems, and new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or unusual tiredness
- Unusual muscle pain
- Shortness of breath or rapid breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Stop taking Complera and contact your health care provider right away if you get a rash with any of the following symptoms:
- Fever
- Skin blisters
- Mouth sores
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Swelling of the face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
- Trouble breathing or swallowing
- Pain on the right side of the stomach (abdominal) area
- Dark-colored urine
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Stomach-area pain
Complera is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Complera, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking Complera.
Some people taking Complera have developed new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure. Your health care provider may do blood and urine tests to check your kidneysbefore and during treatment with Complera.
While taking Complera, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Complera is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg) who:
- have never taken HIV medicines before, and who have an amount of HIV in their blood (this is called 'viral load') that is no more than 100,000 copies/mL before they start taking COMPLERA,
  or
- in certain people who have a viral load that is less than 50 copies/mL when they start taking COMPLERA, to replace their current HIV medicines.
Complera is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Complera contains the following three different medicines combined in one pill:
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Rilpivirine – an HIV medicine called a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
Both NNRTIs and NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, the three drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Do not take Complera if you also take:
- anti-seizure medicines:
  carbamazepine
  oxcarbazepine
  phenobarbital
  phenytoin
- anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) medicines:
  rifampin
  rifapentine
- proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medicine for certain stomach or intestinal problems:
  dexlansoprazole
  esomeprazole
  lansoprazole
  omeprazole
  pantoprazole sodium
  rabeprazole
- more than 1 dose of the steroid medicine dexamethasone or dexamethasone sodium phosphate
- St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Before taking Complera, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Complera (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you have a history of depression or suicidal thoughts.
- If you have or have ever had bone problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether Complera can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Complera when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Complera.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products, including St. John's wort, you are taking or plan to take. Complera may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Complera works. Taking Complera together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Complera comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 200 mg emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 25 mg rilpivirine (brand name: Edurant)
- 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (brand name: Viread)
Take Complera according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Complera with food (a protein drink is not a substitute for food). Do not take Complera with other HIV medicines. (Sometimes an additional tablet of rilpivirine is given with Complera.)
If you take too much Complera, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Complera may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Complera can be serious. Serious side effects of Complera include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe skin reactions or rash, liver problems, and new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Complera?)
Other possible side effects of Complera include:
- Depression or mood changes. Tell your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms: feeling sad or hopeless; feeling anxious or restless; or having thoughts of hurting yourself (suicide) or have tried to hurt yourself.
- Bone problems (bone pain, softening, or thinning [osteopenia]).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Complera. To learn more about possible side effects of Complera, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store Complera at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Complera in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Complera if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Complera that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Complera and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Emtricitabine / Rilpivirine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Brand Name: Complera). AIDSinfo, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. COMPLERA® (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) tablets, for oral use [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
3. COMPLERA™ (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) tablets, for oral use / GILEAD ACCESS PROGRAM [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
4. Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Delstrigo

Doravirine, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Delstrigo®

Delstrigo® (doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who have never taken HIV medicines before. Delstrigo is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Doravirine, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Delstrigo®

Delstrigo® (doravirine, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who have never taken HIV medicines before. Delstrigo is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Delstrigo may cause side effects. These include kidney problems, including kidney failure, and bone problems, such as bone pain or bone softening or thinning (which may lead to fractures).
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of a kidney or bone problem:
- Bone pain that does not go away or worsening bone pain
- Pain in your arms, legs, hands, or feet
- Broken (fractured) bones
- Muscle pain or weakness
If you have both HIV and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and take Delstrigo, your HBV infectionmay get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking Delstrigo. Do not stop taking Delstrigo without first talking to your health care provider.
While taking Delstrigo, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Delstrigo is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who have never taken HIV medicines before. Delstrigo is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Delstrigo contains the following three different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Doravirine—an HIV medicine called a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
- Lamivudine—an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate—an HIV medicine that is also an NRTI
Both NNRTIs and NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, the three drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including Delstrigo, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking Delstrigo, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Delstrigo (doravirine, lamivudine, or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had hepatitis B virus infection (HBV).
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you have or have ever had bone problems, including a history of bone fractures.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether Delstrigo can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Delstrigo when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Delstrigo.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Delstrigo may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Delstrigo works. Taking Delstrigo together with certain medicines or products may cause life-threatening side effects.
Delstrigo comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 100 mg doravirine (brand name: Pifeltro)
- 300 mg lamivudine (brand name: Epivir)
- 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (brand name: Viread)
Take Delstrigo according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Delstrigo can be taken with or without food.
If you also take the medicine rifabutin, your health care provider will prescribe an additional dose of doravirine for you. Follow your health care provider’s instructions about when to take doravirine and how much to take. This is usually one tablet of doravirine about 12 hours after your last dose of Delstrigo.
If you take too much Delstrigo, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
- Store Delstrigo at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Delstrigo in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Delstrigo if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Delstrigo that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep Delstrigo and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/600/delstrigo/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Doravirine, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Jan 18, 2019]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Doravirine, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Descovy

Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Descovy®

Descovy (emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide) is a prescription medicine that is used together with other HIV medicines to treat HIV in adults and children who weigh at least 77 lbs (35kg). Descovy is also used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Descovy®

Descovy (emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide) is a prescription medicine that is used together with other HIV medicines to treat HIV in adults and children who weigh at least 77 lbs (35kg). Descovy is also used for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Descovy can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea or vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your hands and feet
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain or tenderness on the right side or your stomach area (abdominal pain)
Descovy is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Descovy, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking Descovy.
While taking Descovy, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Descovy is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 77 pounds (35 kilograms). It is also approved for children who weigh at least 55 pounds (25 kilograms) and less than 77 pounds (35 kilograms) when used together with certain other HIV medicines. Descovy is always used in combination with other HIV medicines. Your health care provider will determine which other HIV medicines you will take.
Descovy is also used in at-risk adults and adolescents weighing at least 77 lbs (35 kg) for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce the risk of HIV infection from sex, excluding those who have receptive vaginal sex.
Descovy contains the following two different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir alafenamide – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. (An enzyme is a protein that starts or increases the speed of a chemical reaction.) By blocking reverse transcriptase, the two drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including Descovy, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking Descovy, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Descovy (emtricitabine or tenofovir alafenamide) or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including HBV infection. Before taking Descovy, you must be tested for HBV infection.
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether Descovy can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Descovy when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Descovy.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John’s wort) you are taking or plan to take. Descovy may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Descovy works. Taking Descovy together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Descovy comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 200 mg of emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 25 mg of tenofovir alafenamide
Take Descovy according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Descovy once each day with or without food.
Always take Descovy in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much Descovy, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Descovy may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects from Descovy can be serious. Serious side effects of Descovy include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems.
Other possible side effects of Descovy include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- New or worsening kidney problems (including kidney failure).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Descovy. To learn more about possible side effects of Descovy, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can also report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store Descovy below 86°F (30°C).
- Keep Descovy in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Descovy if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Descovy that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Descovy and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. FDA approves second drug to prevent HIV infection as part of ongoing efforts to end the HIV epidemic [accessed on Oct 03, 2019]
2. Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Alafenamide (Brand Name: Descovy). AIDSinfo, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
3. LABEL: DESCOVY- emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide tablet [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Dovato

Dolutegravir and Lamivudine

Also called: Dovato®, DTG/3TC

Dolutegravir and lamivudine (Dovato) is a prescription two-drug, fixed-dose, complete regimen for HIV-infected adults who have never received treatment for HIV.

Dolutegravir and Lamivudine

Also called: Dovato®, DTG/3TC

Dolutegravir and lamivudine (Dovato) is a prescription two-drug, fixed-dose, complete regimen for HIV-infected adults who have never received treatment for HIV.

Dovato can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe skin rash and allergic reactions, liver problems, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and drug interactions.
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash while taking Dovato. Stop taking Dovato and get medical help right away if you develop a rash with any of the following symptoms:
- General ill feeling
- Extreme tiredness
- Muscle or joint aches
- Fever
- Blisters or peeling skin
- Blisters or sores in your mouth
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Swelling of your face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
- Trouble breathing or swallowing
Some people taking dolutegravir, a component of Dovato, may develop liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking Dovato. Liver problems have also occurred in people who have no history of liver problems or other risk factors.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach/abdominal area
- Itching
If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Dovato, the hepatitis B virus can change (mutate) during your treatment with Dovato and become harder to treat (resistant). If you use Dovato and have both HIV and HBV infection, you will need to take additional treatment for HBV infection. Also, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking Dovato. Do not stop taking Dovato without first talking to your health care provider.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual muscle pain
- Shortness of breath or fast breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Cold or blue hands and feet
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or abnormal heartbeat
Taking Dovato with certain other medicines may cause serious, life-threatening side effects. Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
While taking Dovato, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking Dovato, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Dovato (dolutegravir or lamivudine) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Talk to your health care provider about the risks and benefits of taking Dovato during pregnancy.
- If you are breast/chestfeeding or plan to breast/chestfeed. For people with HIV in the United States, the Guideline recommends speaking with your health care provider to discuss options for feeding your baby. People with suppressed viral load have a less than 1% chance of transmitting HIV to their baby via their own milk.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John’s wort) you are taking or plan to take. Dovato may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Dovato works. Taking Dovato together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Dovato comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 50 mg dolutegravir
- 300 mg lamivudine
Take Dovato according to your health care provider’s instructions. Do not miss a dose of Dovato, and do not change your dose or stop taking Dovato without first talking with your health care provider.
Take Dovato by mouth with or without food. If you are taking any other medicines or supplements, including antacids; laxatives; other products containing aluminum or magnesium; buffered medicines; iron; or calcium, carefully follow instructions on how to take them with Dovato.
If you have taken too much Dovato, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Dovato may cause side effects. Some side effects of Dovato can be serious as noted above. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Other possible side effects of Dovato include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Headache, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, tiredness, and anxiety.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Dovato. To learn more about possible side effects of Dovato, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Store Dovato below 86°F (30°C).
- Keep Dovato in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use Dovato if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Dovato that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep Dovato and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Dolutegravir / Lamivudine - Patient | NIH [accessed on Dec 05, 2023]
2. FDA NEWS RELEASE: FDA approves first two-drug complete regimen for HIV-infected patients who have never received antiretroviral treatment [accessed on Apr 08, 2019]
3. Dolutegravir and Lamivudine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Apr 11, 2020]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Dolutegravir and Lamivudine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Epzicom

Abacavir and Lamivudine

Also called: Epzicom®

Epzicom (abacavir and lamivudine) is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 55 lb (25 kg). It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Abacavir and Lamivudine

Also called: Epzicom®

Epzicom (abacavir and lamivudine) is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 55 lb (25 kg). It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Epzicom can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include allergic reactions, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and liver problems.
People who take abacavir, an HIV medicine included in Epzicom, may have a serious allergic reaction (hypersensitivity reaction) that can cause death. Your risk of this allergic reaction is much higher if you have a gene variation called HLA-B*5701. Your health care provider can determine if you have this gene variation with a blood test.
If you get a symptom from two or more of the following groups while taking Epzicom, contact your health care provider right away to find out if you should stop taking Epzicom.
- Group 1 Symptoms: Fever
- Group 2 Symptoms: Rash
- Group 3 Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal (stomach area) pain
- Group 4 Symptoms: General ill feeling, extreme tiredness, or achiness
- Group 5 Symptoms: Shortness of breath, cough, sore throat
Your pharmacist will give you a Warning Card with a list of these symptoms. Carry this Warning Card with you at all times. If you stop taking Epzicom due to an allergic reaction, never take Epzicom or any other abacavir-containing medicine again. If you do, life-threatening symptoms (including very low blood pressure) or death may occur within hours.
If you stop taking Epzicom for any other reason, even for a few days, and you are not allergic to Epzicom, talk with your health care provider before taking it again. Taking Epzicom again can cause a serious allergic or life-threatening reaction, even if you did not have an allergic reaction to it before.
If your health care provider tells you that you can take Epzicom again, start taking it when you are around medical help or people who can call a health care provider if you need one.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of serious liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach area
Epzicom is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Epzicom, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking Epzicom.
Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people living with both HIV and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) who were taking HIV medicines and also being treated for HCV infection with interferon with or without ribavirin. If you are taking Epzicom as well as interferon with or without ribavirin and you experience new side effects, tell your health care provider.
Epzicom may increase the risk of heart attack (myocardial infarction).
While taking Epzicom, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Epzicom is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 55 lb (25 kg). Epzicom is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
Epzicom contains the following two different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Abacavir – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Lamivudine – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, the two drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including Epzicom, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking Epzicom, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to either of the HIV medicines in Epzicom (abacavir or lamivudine) or any other medicines.
- If you have been tested and know whether you have a particular gene variation called HLA-B*5701.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you smoke or have heart problems or have diseases that increase your risk of heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you drink alcohol or take medicines that contain alcohol.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Taking Epzicom during pregnancy has not been associated with an increased risk of birth defects. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Epzicom when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Epzicom.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Especially tell your doctor if you are taking any other HIV medicines, any medicines used to treat hepatitis (such as interferon with or without ribavirin), or methadone. Epzicom may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Epzicom works. Taking Epzicom together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Epzicom comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 600 mg abacavir (brand name: Ziagen)
- 300 mg lamivudine (brand name: Epivir)
Take Epzicom according to your health care provider’s instructions. Do not stop taking Epzicom without talking with your health care provider.
Take Epzicom with or without food. Do not skip doses.
Always take Epzicom in combination with other HIV medicines.
Don’t run out of Epzicom. Refill your prescription when your supply gets low.
If you take too much Epzicom, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
- Store Epzicom between 59°F and 86°F (15°C to 30°C).
- Keep Epzicom in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use Epzicom if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Epzicom that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep Epzicom and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Abacavir / Lamivudine. AIDSinfo, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. ABACAVIR AND LAMIVUDINE- abacavir sulfate and lamivudine tablet, film coated Prasco Laboratories. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
3. EPZICOM- abacavir sulfate and lamivudine tablet, film coated ViiV Healthcare Company. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 25, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Abacavir and Lamivudine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Evotaz

Atazanavir and Cobicistat

Also called: Evotaz®, ATV/COBI

Atazanavir and cobicistat (Evotaz) is a fixed-dose prescription medicine used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 77 lb (35 kg).

Atazanavir and Cobicistat

Also called: Evotaz®, ATV/COBI

Atazanavir and cobicistat (Evotaz) is a fixed-dose prescription medicine used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 77 lb (35 kg).

Evotaz can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include changes in heart rhythm, severe skin rash and allergic reactions, liver problems, new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure, and drug interactions.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of heart rhythm problems:
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Changes in your heartbeat
- Fainting
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash while taking Evotaz. Stop taking Evotaz and get medical help right away if you develop a rash with any of the following symptoms:
- General ill feeling
- Extreme tiredness
- Muscle or joint aches
- Fever
- Blistering or peeling skin
- Blisters or sores in your mouth
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Swelling of your face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
- Trouble breathing or swallowing
Some people taking Evotaz have had liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing worsening liver problems while taking Evotaz.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach/abdominal area
- Itching
Evotaz, when taken with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, can cause new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure. Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of a worsening kidney problem (called Fanconi Syndrome), which may be related to tenofovir-containing drugs:
- Bone pain that does not go away or gets worse
- Pain in your arms, hands, legs, or feet
- Broken bones
- Muscle pain or weakness
Taking Evotaz with certain other medicines may result in serious, life-threatening side effects. Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
While taking Evotaz, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking Evotaz, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Evotaz (atazanavir or cobicistat) or any other medicines.
- If you have heart problems.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have kidney problems, including if you are receiving dialysis.
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Some pregnant women taking Evotaz with certain other HIV medicines have developed a serious condition where lactic acid builds up in the blood (lactic acidosis). Talk to your health care provider about the risks and benefits of taking Evotaz during pregnancy.
- If you are breast/chestfeeding or plan to breast/chestfeed. For people with HIV in the United States, the Guideline recommends speaking with your health care provider to discuss options for feeding your baby. People with suppressed viral load have a less than 1% chance of transmitting HIV to their baby via their own milk.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as injections, vaginal rings, implants, a contraceptive patch, or birth control pills). Evotaz may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking Evotaz.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Evotaz may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Evotaz works. Taking Evotaz together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Evotaz comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 300 mg atazanavir
- 150 mg cobicistat
Take Evotaz according to your health care provider’s instructions. Do not miss a dose of Evotaz, and do not change your dose or stop taking Evotaz without first talking with your health care provider.
Take Evotaz by mouth with food.
If you take antacids or buffered medicines (such as buffered aspirin), they should be taken at least 2 hours before or after you take Evotaz.
If you take proton-pump inhibitors or H2 blockers (medicines for reducing stomach acid), check with your health care provider to find out if you can take these medicines with Evotaz. Certain people should NOT take proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers during treatment with Evotaz. If your health care provider tells you to continue taking proton-pump inhibitors or H2 blockers, carefully follow instructions on how to take them with Evotaz.
Always take Evotaz in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you have taken too much Evotaz, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222 or online) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Evotaz may cause side effects. Some side effects of Evotaz can be serious as noted above. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Other possible side effects of Evotaz include:
- Mild rash.
- Chronic kidney disease.
- Kidney stones. Contact your health care provider if you have pain in your lower back or lower stomach/abdominal area, blood in your urine, or pain when urinating.
- Gallbladder problems. Contact your health care provider right away if you develop symptoms of gallbladder problems (pain in your right or middle upper stomach/abdominal area, fever, nausea and vomiting, or jaundice).
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Increased bleeding problems in people with hemophilia.
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Evotaz. To learn more about possible side effects of Evotaz, talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Store Evotaz at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Evotaz in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Evotaz if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Evotaz that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep Evotaz and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Atazanavir / Cobicistat - Patient | NIH [accessed on Jan 02, 2024]
2. FDA approved the product labeling for PREZCOBIX and EVOTAZ for use in pediatric patients [accessed on Aug 04, 2020]
3. Atazanavir and Cobicistat. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Dec 09, 2022]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Atazanavir and Cobicistat. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Genvoya

Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Genvoya®

Genvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) is a prescription medicine used as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in certain adults and children who weigh at least 55 lb (25 kg).

Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Genvoya®

Genvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) is a prescription medicine used as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in certain adults and children who weigh at least 55 lb (25 kg).

Genvoya can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, and new or worse kidney problems, including kidney failure.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Hands or feet that feel cold or turn blue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Some people taking Genvoya have had liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or people who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking Genvoya. Liver problems have also occurred in people taking Genvoya who have no history of liver disease. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with Genvoya.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Pain, aching, or tenderness in the right side of your stomach
Genvoya is not approved for the treatment of HBV infection. If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Genvoya, your HBV infection may get worse (flare up) if you stop taking Genvoya.
Some people taking Genvoya have developed new or worse kidney problems, including kidney failure. Your health care provider may do blood and urine tests to check your kidneys before and during treatment with Genvoya.
If you take Genvoya, you should not take other HIV medicines.
While taking Genvoya, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Genvoya is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 55 lb (25 kg):
- who have not taken HIV medicines before, or
- to replace the current HIV treatment regimen of those who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider.
Genvoya is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Genvoya contains the following four different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Elvitegravir – an HIV medicine called an integrase inhibitor
- Cobicistat – a medicine called a pharmacokinetic enhancer, which is used to increase the effectiveness of elvitegravir
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir alafenamide – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
Integrase inhibitors block an HIV enzyme called integrase. NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase.
The four drugs combined in Genvoya prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body. HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking Genvoya, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking it unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking Genvoya, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Genvoya (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, or tenofovir alafenamide) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV).
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Genvoya should not be used during pregnancy.Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Genvoya when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Genvoya.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Genvoya may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking Genvoya.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Genvoya may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Genvoya works. Taking Genvoya together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Genvoya comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 150 mg elvitegravir (brand name: Vitekta)
- 150 mg cobicistat (brand name: Tybost)
- 200 mg emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 10 mg tenofovir alafenamide
Take Genvoya according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Genvoya with food. Do not take Genvoya with other HIV medicines.
If you are on dialysis, take Genvoya after receiving dialysis.
If you need to take a medicine for indigestion (an antacid) that contains aluminum and magnesium hydroxide or calcium carbonate during treatment with Genvoya, take it at least 2 hours before or after you take Genvoya.
If you take too much Genvoya, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
- Store Genvoya below 86°F (30°C).
- Keep Genvoya in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Genvoya if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Genvoya that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Genvoya and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/553/genvoya/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Juluca

Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine

Also called: Juluca®

Juluca is a prescription medicine used as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in adults to replace the current HIV regimen in those who meet specific requirements, as determined by a healthcare provider.

Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine

Also called: Juluca®

Juluca is a prescription medicine used as a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in adults to replace the current HIV regimen in those who meet specific requirements, as determined by a healthcare provider.

Juluca can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe skin rash and allergic reactions, liver problems, and depression.
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash while taking Juluca. Stop taking Juluca and get medical help right away if you develop a rash with any of the following signs or symptoms:
- Fever
- General ill feeling
- Extreme tiredness
- Muscle or joint aches
- Blisters or peeling skin
- Blisters or sores in your mouth
- Redness or swelling of your eyes
- Swelling of your mouth, face, lips, or tongue
- Trouble breathing
Some people taking Juluca have had liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking Juluca. Liver problems have also occurred in people taking Juluca who have no history of liver disease. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with Juluca. Call your healthcare provider right away if you develop any of the following signs or symptoms of liver problems:
- Your skin or the white part of your eyes turns yellow (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach area
Contact your health care provider right away or get medical help if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of depression or mood changes:
- Feeling sad or hopeless
- Feeling anxious or restless
- Having thoughts about harming yourself (including suicidal thoughts) or have tried to harm yourself
While taking Juluca, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Juluca is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults to replace the current HIV regimen in those who meet specific requirements, as determined by a health care provider.
Juluca is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Juluca contains the following two different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Dolutegravir – an HIV medicine called an integrase inhibitor
- Rilpivirine – an HIV medicine called a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
Integrase inhibitors block an HIV enzyme called integrase and NNRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking integrase and reverse transcriptase, the two drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking Juluca, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Juluca (dolutegravir or rilpivirine) or any other medicines.
- If you have ever had a severe skin rash or allergic reaction to medicines that contain dolutegravir or rilpivirine.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have or have ever had a mental health problem.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. You should not take Juluca at the time of becoming pregnant or during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Juluca when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Juluca.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Juluca may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Juluca works. Taking Juluca together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Juluca comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 50 mg dolutegravir (brand name: Tivicay)
- 25 mg rilpivirine (brand name: Edurant)
Take Juluca according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Always take Juluca with a meal (a protein drink is not a substitute for a meal). If you are taking any other medicines, carefully follow instructions on how to take them with Juluca.
If you take too much Juluca, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
- Store Juluca at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Juluca in the container that it came in. Keep the container tightly closed and away from moisture. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Juluca if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Juluca that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Juluca and all medicines out of reach of children.

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Kaletra

Lopinavir and Ritonavir

Also called: Kaletra®

Kaletra (lopinavir and ritonavir) is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral medicines for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 14 days of age and older.

Lopinavir and Ritonavir

Also called: Kaletra®

Kaletra (lopinavir and ritonavir) is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral medicines for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 14 days of age and older.

Kaletra can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include liver problems, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), heart rhythm problems, severe allergic reactions, and life-threatening drug interactions.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Loss of appetite
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Itchy skin
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of pancreatitis:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of heart rhythm problems:
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Fainting
- Sensation of abnormal heartbeats
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a skin rash. This could be a sign of a severe allergic reaction.

Kaletra oral solution contains alcohol and propylene glycol. The added substances may cause side effects in babies taking Kaletra oral solution. Contact your health care provider right away if your baby appears too sleepy or his or her breathing changes.

Taking Kaletra with certain medicines may result in serious, life-threatening side effects.

While taking Kaletra, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Kaletra is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 14 days of age and older. Kaletra is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
Kaletra contains the following two different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Lopinavir – an HIV medicine called a protease inhibitor (PI)
- Ritonavir – another HIV medicine, also a PI
PIs block an HIV enzyme called protease. By blocking protease, the two drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including Kaletra, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking Kaletra, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to either of the HIV medicines in Kaletra (lopinavir or ritonavir) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had pancreas problems.
- If you have any liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have any heart problems, including a condition called congenital long QT syndrome.
- If you have low potassium in your blood.
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have high cholesterol in your blood.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Kaletra oral solution contains alcohol and propylene glycol. Do not take Kaletra oral solution during pregnancy because there is no safe level of alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Kaletra when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Kaletra.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Kaletra may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking Kaletra.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Kaletra may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Kaletra works. Taking Kaletra together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Kaletra comes in tablet form in the following strengths:
- 100 mg lopinavir and 25 mg ritonavir
- 200 mg lopinavir and 50 mg ritonavir
Kaletra also comes as an oral solution that contains 80 mg/mL lopinavir and 20 mg/mL ritonavir.
Take Kaletra according to your health care provider’s instructions.
If you are giving Kaletra to your child, follow your health care provider’s instructions. Kaletra dosing for children is based on weight and height, so tell your health care provider if your child’s weight changes.
Kaletra tablets can be taken with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole. Do not chew, break, or crush the tablets.
Take Kaletra oral solution with food. Pregnant women should not take Kaletra oral solution, because it contains alcohol.
Always take Kaletra in combination with other HIV medicines. If you are also taking the HIV medicine didanosine (brand name: Videx; Videx EC), follow the instructions below:
- If you take Kaletra tablets: You can take didanosine at the same time as Kaletra tablets, without food.
- If you take Kaletra oral solution: Take didanosine either 1 hour before or 2 hours after taking Kaletra oral solution.
If you take too much Kaletra, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Kaletra may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Kaletra can be serious. Serious side effects of Kaletra include liver problems, inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), heart rhythm problems, severe allergic reactions, and life-threatening drug interactions. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Kaletra?)
Other possible side effects of Kaletra include:
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Increases in the levels of certain fats (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Kaletra. To learn more about possible side effects of Kaletra, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store Kaletra tablets at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep Kaletra tablets in the container that they came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Store Kaletra oral solution in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). The refrigerated oral solution can be used until the expiration date printed on the label. Kaletra oral solution that is stored at room temperature (less than 77°F or 25°C) should be used within 2 months. Keep the oral solution away from high heat.
- Do not use Kaletra if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Kaletra that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep Kaletra and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. LOPINAVIR-RITONAVIR- lopinavir-ritonavir solution Lannett Company, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
2. KALETRA- lopinavir and ritonavir tablet, film coated HHS/Program Support Center/Supply Service Center. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 27, 2018]
3. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/316/kaletra/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
4. Lopinavir and Ritonavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Lopinavir and Ritonavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Additional Materials (5)

3:19

Instructional Video: How to Administer Lopinavir/Ritonavir Pellets to Children with HIV [Updated]

Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative/YouTube

6:19

Pharmacology - CORONAVIRUS (MADE EASY)

Speed Pharmacology/YouTube

0:24

FDA Warning Over HIV Drug Kaletra - Bloomberg

Bloomberg Quicktake/YouTube

0:59

Coronavirus Vaccine: Drugmakers Test Ebola, HIV Medicines to Halt Virus

Bloomberg Quicktake: Now/YouTube

1:12

What people living with HIV need to know about COVID-19

Mayo Clinic/YouTube

Odefsey

Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Odefsey®

Odefsey (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir alafenamide) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used to treat HIV infection in certain adults and children 12 years of age and older. It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Odefsey®

Odefsey (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, and tenofovir alafenamide) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used to treat HIV infection in certain adults and children 12 years of age and older. It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Odefsey can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, severe skin rash and allergic reactions, and depressionor mood changes.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Pain in your stomach area
If you get a rash with any of the following symptoms, stop taking Odefsey and call your health care provider or get medical help right away:
- Fever
- Skin blisters
- Mouth sores
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Swelling of the face, lips, mouth, or throat
- Trouble breathing or swallowing
- Pain on the right side of the stomach area
- Dark-colored urine
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of depression or mood changes:
- Feeling sad or hopeless
- Feeling anxious or restless
- Harming yourself or having thoughts about harming yourself (including suicidal thoughts)
Odefsey is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Odefsey, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking Odefsey.
While taking Odefsey, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Odefsey is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the following uses:
- To treat HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who:
  have never taken HIV medicines before, and
  have a viral load that is no more than 100,000 copies/mL.
- To replace currently used HIV medicines in adults and children 12 years of age and older whose health care provider determines that they meet certain requirements.
Odefsey is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Odefsey contains the following three different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Rilpivirine – an HIV medicine called a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir alafenamide – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
Both NNRTIs and NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, the three drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking Odefsey, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Odefsey (emtricitabine, rilpivirine, or tenofovir alafenamide) or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection(HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have a history of depression or suicidal thoughts.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether Odefsey can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Odefsey when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Odefsey.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Odefsey may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Odefsey works. Taking Odefsey together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Odefsey comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 200 mg emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 25 mg rilpivirine (brand name: Edurant)
- 25 mg tenofovir alafenamide
Take Odefsey according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Odefsey one time each day with a meal. Do not take Odefsey with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much Odefsey, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Odefsey may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Odefsey can be serious. Serious side effects of Odefsey include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, severe skin rash and allergic reactions, and depression or mood changes. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Odefsey?)
Other possible side effects of Odefsey include:
- Changes in liver enzyme levels in the blood.
- New or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure.
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Odefsey. To learn more about possible side effects of Odefsey, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store Odefsey below 86°F (30°C).
- Keep Odefsey in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Odefsey if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Odefsey that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Odefsey and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/558/odefsey/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 28, 2019]
2. LABEL: ODEFSEY- emtricitabine, rilpivirine hydrochloride, and tenofovir alafenamide tablet [accessed on Jan 28, 2019]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Prezcobix

Darunavir and Cobicistat

Also called: Prezcobix®

Prezcobix (darunavir and cobicistat) is a prescription HIV medicine always used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg).

Darunavir and Cobicistat

Also called: Prezcobix®

Prezcobix (darunavir and cobicistat) is a prescription HIV medicine always used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg).

Prezcobix can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include liver problems, severe skin reactions or rash, and kidney problems.
Some people taking Prezcobix have had liver problems. People who have chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) may have an increased chance of developing liver problems while taking Prezcobix.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Dark-colored urine
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Pale-colored bowel movements
- Yellowing of your skin or whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Pain or tenderness on your right side below your ribs
- Loss of appetite
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of severe skin reactions or rash:
- Fever
- Tiredness
- Muscle or joint pain
- Mouth sores or ulcers
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Blisters or skin lesions
When taken with certain other medicines, Prezcobix can cause new or worse kidney problems, including kidney failure. Your health care provider should check your kidneys before you start taking Prezcobix and while you are taking Prezcobix.
While taking Prezcobix, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking Prezcobix, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Prezcobix (cobicistat or darunavir) or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you are allergic to sulfa (sulfonamide).
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Prezcobix should not be used during pregnancy, because the levels of Prezcobix in your blood may be lower during pregnancy and may not control your HIV. Tell your health care provider if you become pregnant while taking Prezcobix. Your health care provider may prescribe different medicines if you become pregnant while taking Prezcobix.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Prezcobix.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). When taking Prezcobix, additional or alternative (non-hormonal) forms of birth control should be used. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking Prezcobix.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Prezcobix may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Prezcobix works. Taking Prezcobix together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Prezcobix comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 800 mg darunavir (brand name: Prezista)
- 150 mg cobicistat (brand name: Tybost)
Take Prezcobix according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Prezcobix once a day with food.
Always take Prezcobix in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much Prezcobix, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
If you miss a dose of Prezcobix, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. But if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and just take your next dose at the regular time. Do not take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.
Prezcobix may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Prezcobix can be serious. Serious side effects of Prezcobix include liver problems, severe skin reactions or rash, and kidney problems. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about taking Prezcobix?)
Other possible side effects of Prezcobix include:
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Prezcobix. To learn more about possible side effects of Prezcobix, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Store Prezcobix at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Prezcobix in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use Prezcobix if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Prezcobix that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep Prezcobix and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Darunavir / CobicistatDarunavir / Cobicistat. AIDSinfo. [accessed on Sep 04, 2020]
2. Darunavir and Cobicistat. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Dec 09, 2022]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Darunavir and Cobicistat. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Stribild

Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Stribild®

Stribild (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used to treat HIV infection in certain adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lbs (35 kg). It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Stribild®

Stribild (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used to treat HIV infection in certain adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lbs (35 kg). It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Stribild can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Feeling sick to your stomach (nausea)
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Stribild is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Stribild, your HBV infection may get worse (flare up) if you stop taking Stribild.
Avoid taking Stribild with other HIV medicines. Certain HIV medicines, if taken with Stribild, may cause serious side effects.
While taking Stribild, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Stribild is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lbs (35 kg):
- who have never taken HIV medicines before; or
- to replace the HIV medicines currently taken and who:
  have been on the same HIV medicine regimen for at least 6 months, and
  have a viral load that is less than 50 copies/mL, and
  have never had previous HIV treatment that failed, and
  have no drug resistance mutations associated with any of the HIV medicines in Stribild.
Stribild is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Stribild contains the following four different medicines combined in one pill:
- Elvitegravir – an HIV medicine called an integrase inhibitor
- Cobicistat – a medicine called a pharmacokinetic enhancer, which is used to increase the effectiveness of elvitegravir
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
Integrase inhibitors (such as elvitegravir) block an HIV enzyme called integrase. NRTIs (such as emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking integrase and reverse transcriptase, the drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking Stribild, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Stribild (elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have bone problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Stribild should not be used during pregnancy. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Stribild when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Stribild.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take, including any HIV medicines. Stribild may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Stribild works. Taking Stribild together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Stribild comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 150 mg elvitegravir (brand name: Vitekta)
- 150 mg cobicistat (brand name: Tybost)
- 200 mg emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (brand name: Viread)
Take Stribild according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Stribild with food. Do not take Stribild with other HIV medicines.
If you need to take a medicine for indigestion (antacid) that contains aluminum and magnesium hydroxide or calcium carbonate during treatment with Stribild, take it at least 2 hours before or after you take Stribild.
If you take too much Stribild, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Stribild may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects from Stribild can be serious. Serious side effects of Stribild include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Stribild?).
The most common side effects of Stribild include nausea and diarrhea. Other possible side effects of Stribild include:
- New or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure.
- Bone problems (bone pain, softening, or thinning [osteopenia]).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Stribild. To learn more about possible side effects of Stribild, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store Stribild at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Stribild in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Stribild if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Stribild that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Stribild and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/507/stribild/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 28, 2019]
2. Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Apr 11, 2020]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Symfi

Efavirenz, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Symfi™, Symfi™ Lo

Symfi (efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Efavirenz, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir

Also called: Symfi™, Symfi™ Lo

Symfi (efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil) is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Symfi can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, new or worse kidney problems, and mental health problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea or vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Some people taking Symfi have had liver problems. Your liver may become large (hepatomegaly) and you may develop fat in your liver (steatosis). Inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) leading to liver failure requiring a liver transplant has been reported in some people taking Symfi. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with Symfi.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Confusion
- Tiredness
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea and vomiting
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach area
- Weakness
- Stomach (abdomen) swelling
If you have both HIV and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and take Symfi, your HBV infection may get worse (flare up) if you stop taking Symfi. To help avoid this, take Symfi exactly as prescribed. Do not run out of Symfi or stop taking Symfi without talking to your health care provider.
Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people being treated for hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) taking HIV medicines and interferon alfa with or without ribavirin. If you are taking Symfi and interferon alfa with or without ribavirin and you have any new symptoms, tell your health care provider.
Some people taking Symfi have developed new or worse kidney problems, including kidney failure.Your health care provider may do blood and urine tests to check your kidneys before and during treatment with Symfi.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of kidney problems:
- Bone pain that does not go away or worsening bone pain
- Pain in your arms, hands, legs or feet
- Broken (fractured) bones
- Muscle pain or weakness
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of mental health problems:
- Feeling sad or hopeless
- Feeling anxious or restless
- Not trusting other people
- Hearing or seeing things that are not real
- Not being able to move or speak normally
- Having thoughts of hurting yourself (suicide) or having tried to hurt yourself or others
- Not being able to tell the difference between what is true or real and what is false or unreal
If you take Symfi, you should not take other HIV medicines.
While taking Symfi, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Symfi is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children weighing at least 88 lb (40 kg). Symfi Lo is a slightly different formulation approved to treat adults and children weighing at least 77 lb (35 kg).
Symfi is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Symfi contains the following three different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Efavirenz – an HIV medicine called a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
- Lamivudine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
NNRTIs and NRTIs attach to and block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, these three drugs work in combination to prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including Symfi, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking Symfi, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Symfi (efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including HBV infection or HCV infection.
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that requires dialysis.
- If you have a history of mental health problems.
- If you have a history of drug or alcohol abuse.
- If you have or have ever had heart problems, including QT prolongation.
- If you have or have ever had bone problems, including a history of bone fractures.
- If you have a history of seizures.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Symfi may harm your unborn baby. You should not become pregnant during treatment with Symfi. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you think you may be pregnant or become pregnant during treatment with Symfi.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Symfi.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). You should use effective birth control during treatment with Symfi and for 12 weeks after stopping treatment. A barrier form of birth control should always be used along with another type of birth control.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Symfi may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Symfi works. Taking Symfi together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Symfi comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- Symfi: 600 mg efavirenz / Symfi Lo: 400 mg efavirenz (brand name: Sustiva)
- 300 mg lamivudine (brand name: Epivir)
- 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (brand name: Viread)
Take Symfi according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Symfi on an empty stomach and preferably at bedtime. Taking Symfi at bedtime might help to make some of the side effects less bothersome.
If you take too much Symfi, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Symfi may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Symfi can be serious. Serious side effects of Symfi include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, new or worse kidney problems, and mental health problems. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Symfi?)
Other possible side effects of Symfi include:
- Nervous system symptoms (including dizziness, trouble concentrating, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, unusual dreams, and hallucinations).
- Skin reactions and allergic reactions. Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash or a rash with itching, fever, swelling of your face, blisters or skin lesions, peeling skin, mouth sores, or red or inflamed eyes.
- Inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). Contact your health care provider right away if your child develops signs and symptoms of pancreatitis including severe upper stomach-area pain, with or without nausea and vomiting.
- Seizures.
- Increases in blood fats levels, such as cholesterol and triglycerides. Your health care provider will check your blood fat levels before and during treatment with Symfi.
- Bone problems (bone pain, softening or thinning).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Changes in the electrical activity of your heart called QT prolongation. QT prolongation can cause irregular heartbeats that can be life-threatening. Contact your health care provider if you feel faint, lightheaded, dizzy, or feel your heart beating irregularly or fast during treatment with Symfi.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Symfi. To learn more about possible side effects of Symfi, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store Symfi below 86°F (30°C).
- Keep Symfi in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Symfi if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Symfi that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep Symfi and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Efavirenz / Lamivudine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Brand Name: Symfi). AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 28, 2019]
2. Efavirenz / Lamivudine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Brand Name: Symfi Lo). AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 28, 2019]
3. Efavirenz, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Efavirenz, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Symtuza

Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Symtuza®

Symtuza (darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used to treat HIV infection in adults. It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide

Also called: Symtuza®

Symtuza (darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide) is a fixed-dose, complete regimen used to treat HIV infection in adults. It should not be used with other HIV medicines.

Symtuza can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe or life-threatening skin reactions or rash, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and severe liverproblems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop any skin changes along with any of the following symptoms:
- Fever
- Tiredness
- Muscle or joint pain
- Blisters or skin lesions
- Mouth sores or ulcers
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your hands and feet
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea, vomiting, or pain in your stomach area (abdominal pain)
Symtuza is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Symtuza, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare-up) if you stop taking Symtuza. To help avoid this, take Symtuza exactly as prescribed. Do not run out of Symtuza or stop taking Symtuza without talking to your health care provider.

While taking Symtuza, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Symtuza is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who have never taken HIV medicines before. The FDA has also approved Symtuza for use in adults who meet certain requirements, as determined by a health care provider.
Symtuza is a complete regimen for the treatment of HIV infection and should not be used with other HIV medicines.
Symtuza contains the following four different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Darunavir – an HIV medicine called a protease inhibitor (PI)
- Cobicistat – a medicine called a pharmacokinetic enhancer, which is used to increase the effectiveness of darunavir
- Emtricitabine – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Tenofovir alafenamide – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
PIs block an HIV enzyme called protease. NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking these enzymes, the drugs in Symtuza prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, including Symtuza, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking Symtuza, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Symtuza (darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, or tenofovir alafenamide) or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you are allergic to sulfa (sulfonamide).
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Talk to your health care provider about the risks and benefits of taking Symtuza during pregnancy.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Symtuza.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Symtuza may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking Symtuza.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John’s wort) you are taking or plan to take. Symtuza may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Symtuza works. Taking Symtuza together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Symtuza comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 800 mg darunavir (brand name: Prezista)
- 150 mg cobicistat (brand name: Tybost)
- 200 mg emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva)
- 10 mg tenofovir alafenamide
Take Symtuza according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Do not change your dose or stop taking Symtuza without talking to your health care provider.
Take Symtuza once a day with food.
If you have difficulty swallowing, the tablet may be split using a tablet cutter. After splitting the tablet, the entire dose (both halves) should be taken right away.
If you take too much Symtuza, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Symtuza may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Symtuza can be serious. Serious side effects of Symtuza include severe or life-threatening skin reactions or rash, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and severe liver problems (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Symtuza?).
Other possible side effects of Symtuza include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- New or worse kidney problems, including kidney failure.
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
- Increased bleeding for hemophiliacs.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Symtuza. To learn more about possible side effects of Symtuza, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store Symtuza at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Symtuza in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Symtuza if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Symtuza that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep Symtuza and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/597/symtuza/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 28, 2019]
2. Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Triumeq

Abacavir, Dolutegravir and Lamivudine

Also called: Triumeq®, Triumeq® PD, ABC/DTG/3TC

Abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine (Triumeq and Triumeq PD) is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is used in adults, adolescents and children who weigh at least 22 lb (10 kg).

Abacavir, Dolutegravir and Lamivudine

Also called: Triumeq®, Triumeq® PD, ABC/DTG/3TC

Abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine (Triumeq and Triumeq PD) is a fixed-dose combination antiretroviral medication for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. It is used in adults, adolescents and children who weigh at least 22 lb (10 kg).

Triumeq and Triumeq PD can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include allergic reactions, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, and drug interactions.
Triumeq and Triumeq PD contain abacavir, an HIV medicine. People who take abacavir-containing products, including Triumeq and Triumeq PD, may have a serious allergic reaction (hypersensitivity reaction) that can cause death. Your risk of this allergic reaction is much higher if you have a gene variation called HLA-B*5701. Your health care provider can determine with a blood test if you have this gene variation.
If you get a symptom from two or more of the following groups while taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD, contact your health care provider right away to find out if you should stop taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD.
- Group 1 Symptoms: Fever
- Group 2 Symptoms: Rash
- Group 3 Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach/abdominal pain
- Group 4 Symptoms: General ill feeling, extreme tiredness, or achiness
- Group 5 Symptoms: Shortness of breath, cough, sore throat
Your pharmacist will give you a Warning Card with a list of these symptoms. Carry this Warning Card with you at all times.
If you stop taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD because of an allergic reaction, never take Triumeq or Triumeq PD or any other medicine that contains abacavir or dolutegravir again. If you take Triumeq or Triumeq PD or any other abacavir-containing medicine again after you have had an allergic reaction, within hours you may get life-threatening symptoms that may include very low blood pressure or lead to death.
If you stop Triumeq or Triumeq PD for any other reason, even for a few days, and you are not allergic to Triumeq or Triumeq PD, talk with your health care provider before taking it again. Taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD again can cause a serious allergic or life-threatening reaction, even if you never had an allergic reaction to Triumeq or Triumeq PD before. If your health care provider tells you that you can take Triumeq or Triumeq PD again, start taking it when you are around medical help or people who can call a health care provider if you need one.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual muscle pain
- Shortness of breath or fast breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Cold or blue hands and feet
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or abnormal heartbeat
Some people taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD may develop liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD. Liver problems have also occurred in people taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD who have no history of liver disease. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with Triumeq.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach/abdominal area
- Itching
If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take Triumeq or Triumeq PD, the hepatitis B virus can change (mutate) during your treatment with Triumeq or Triumeq PD and become harder to treat (resistant). If you use Triumeq or Triumeq PD and have both HIV and HBV infection, you will need to take additional treatment for HBV infection. Also, your HBV infection may get worse (flare-up) if you stop taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD. Do not stop taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD without talking to your health care provider.
Taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD with certain other medicines may cause serious, life-threatening side effects. Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
While taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Triumeq or Triumeq PD (abacavir, dolutegravir, or lamivudine) or any other medicines.
- If you have been tested and know whether you have a particular gene variation called HLA-B*5701.
- If you have or have had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have heart problems; smoke; or have diseases that increase your risk of heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you drink alcohol or take medicines that contain alcohol.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Talk to your health care provider about the risks and benefits of taking Triumeq during pregnancy.
- If you are breast/chestfeeding or plan to breast/chestfeed. For people with HIV in the United States, the Guideline recommends speaking with your health care provider to discuss options for feeding your baby. People with suppressed viral load have a less than 1% chance of transmitting HIV to their baby via their own milk.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (including St. John’s wort) you are taking or plan to take. Triumeq or Triumeq PD may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Triumeq or Triumeq PD work. Taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Triumeq and Triumeq PD come in the following forms and strengths:
- Triumeq tablets: 600 mg abacavir, 50 mg dolutegravir, 300 mg lamivudine
- Triumeq PD tablets for oral suspension: 60 mg abacavir, 5 mg dolutegravir, 30 mg lamivudine
Take Triumeq or Triumeq PD according to your health care provider’s instructions. Do not miss a dose of Triumeq or Triumeq PD, and do not change your dose or stop taking Triumeq or Triumeq PD without first talking with your health care provider.
Take Triumeq or Triumeq PD by mouth and with or without food. Do not chew, cut, or crush Triumeq tablets or Triumeq PD tablets for oral suspension.
If you are taking any other medicines or supplements, including antacids; laxatives; other products containing aluminum or magnesium; buffered medicines; iron; or calcium, carefully follow instructions on how to take them with Triumeq or Triumeq PD.
Your child’s healthcare provider will decide whether your child should take Triumeq or Triumeq PD based on your child’s weight.
Triumeq PD tablets for oral suspension should be dispersed in drinking water only. Do not use any other drink or food to prepare the dose. Read the “Instructions for Use” at the end of the Triumeq and Triumeq PD drug label for detailed instructions on how to prepare Triumeq PD tablets for oral suspension.
Triumeq tablets are not the same as Triumeq PD tablets for oral suspension and cannot be substituted for each other. Check to make sure you receive the correct dosage form each time you or your child’s prescription is filled.
If you have taken too much Triumeq or Triumeq PD, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222 or online) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Triumeq or Triumeq PD may cause side effects. Some side effects of Triumeq or Triumeq PD can be serious as noted above. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable. See the HIVinfo fact sheet on HIV Medicines and Side Effects for more information.
Other possible side effects of Triumeq or Triumeq PD include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Increased risk of heart attack (myocardial infarction).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Triumeq and Triumeq PD. To learn more about possible side effects of Triumeq and Triumeq PD, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Store Triumeq and Triumeq PD at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Triumeq and Triumeq PD in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed and protected from moisture. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use Triumeq or Triumeq PD if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Triumeq or Triumeq PD that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep Triumeq, Triumeq PD, and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Abacavir / Dolutegravir / Lamivudine. AIDSinfo, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jul 31, 2023]
2. Abacavir; Dolutegravir; Lamivudine tablets. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
3. Abacavir, Dolutegravir, and Lamivudine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 28, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Abacavir, Dolutegravir and Lamivudine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Trizivir

Abacavir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine

Also called: Trizivir®

Trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine) is a prescription medicine for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg).

Abacavir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine

Also called: Trizivir®

Trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine, and zidovudine) is a prescription medicine for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg).

Trizivir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include allergic reactions, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, muscle pain or weakness (myopathy), and blood disorders such as extremely reduced numbers of red blood cells (severe anemia) or reduced numbers of white blood cells (neutropenia).
Trizivir contains abacavir, an HIV medicine. People who take abacavir-containing products may have a serious allergic reaction (hypersensitivity reaction) that can cause death. Your risk of this allergic reaction is much higher if you have a gene variation called HLA-B*5701. Your health care provider can determine with a blood test if you have this gene variation. If you get a symptom from two or more of the following groups while taking Trizivir, contact your health care provider right away to find out if you should stop taking Trizivir.
- Group 1 Symptoms: Fever
- Group 2 Symptoms: Rash
- Group 3 Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal (stomach area) pain
- Group 4 Symptoms: General ill feeling, extreme tiredness, or achiness
- Group 5 Symptoms: Shortness of breath, cough, sore throat
Your pharmacist will give you a Medication Guide and Warning Card with a list of these symptoms. Carry this Warning Card with you at all times.
If you stop Trizivir because of an allergic reaction, never take Trizivir or any other abacavir-containing medicine again. If you take Trizivir or any other abacavir-containing medicine again after you have had an allergic reaction, within hours you may get life-threatening symptoms that may include very low blood pressure or lead to death. If you stop Trizivir for any other reason, even for a few days, and you are not allergic to Trizivir, talk with your health care provider before taking it again. Taking Trizivir again can cause a serious allergic or life-threatening reaction, even if you never had an allergic reaction to Trizivir before. If your health care provider tells you that you can take Trizivir again, start taking it when you are around medical help or people who can call a health care provider if you need one.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of serious liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on your right side in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Contact your health care provider right away if you have muscle pain or weakness.
Trizivir can cause blood disorders such as extremely reduced numbers of red blood cells (severe anemia) or reduced numbers of white blood cells (neutropenia). Your doctor may follow your blood count closely while you are taking Trizivir.
If you have both HIV and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and take Trizivir, your HBV infection may get worse (flare up) if you stop taking Trizivir. But do not stop taking Trizivir without first talking to your health care provider. If your health care provider tells you to stop Trizivir, you will be monitored closely for several months to check your HBV infection, or you may receive a medicine to treat your HBV infection.
If you have HIV and HBV infection, the hepatitis B virus can change (mutate) during your treatment with Trizivir and become harder to treat (resistant).
Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people with both HIV and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) who were taking HIV medicines and also being treated for HCV infection with interferon alfa with or without ribavirin. If you are taking Trizivir as well as interferon alfa with or without ribavirin, tell your health care provider if you have any new symptoms.
While taking Trizivir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Trizivir is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults, adolescents and children who weigh at least 88 lb (40 kg). Trizivir can be used alone as a complete treatment regimen or with other HIV medicines.
Trizivir contains the following three different medicines combined in one tablet:
- Abacavir – an HIV medicine called a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
- Lamivudine – another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
- Zidovudine - another HIV medicine (also an NRTI)
NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, the three drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking Trizivir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to any of the HIV medicines in Trizivir (abacavir, lamivudine, or zidovudine) or any other medicines.
- If you have been tested and know whether you have a particular gene variation called HLA-B*5701.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you have low blood cell counts, which could be a sign of a blood disorder, such as anemia or neutropenia.
- If you have or have ever had muscle pain or weakness.
- If you have heart problems, smoke, or have diseases that increase your risk of heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you drink alcohol or take medicines that contain alcohol.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether Trizivir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking Trizivir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking Trizivir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- If you are taking medicines containing abacavir, lamivudine, zidovudine, or emtricitabine.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Trizivir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how Trizivir works. Taking Trizivir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Trizivir comes in tablet form. Each tablet contains:
- 300 mg abacavir (brand name: Ziagen)
- 150 mg lamivudine (brand name: Epivir)
- 300 mg zidovudine (brand name: Retrovir)
Take Trizivir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take Trizivir by mouth, with or without food.
If you take too much Trizivir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Trizivir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of Trizivir can be serious. Serious side effects of Trizivir include allergic reactions, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, muscle pain or weakness (myopathy), and blood disorders such as an extremely reduced numbers of red blood cells (severe anemia) or reduced numbers of white blood cells (neutropenia). (See section above: What are the most important things to know about Trizivir?)
Other possible side effects of Trizivir include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Loss of body fat (lipoatrophy).
- Increased risk of heart attack (myocardial infarction).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Trizivir. To learn more about possible side effects of Trizivir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store Trizivir at 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C).
- Keep Trizivir in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use Trizivir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away Trizivir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep Trizivir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Abacavir / Lamivudine / Zidovudine (Brand Name: Trizivir). AIDSinfo, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
2. ABACAVIR, LAMIVUDINE AND ZIDOVUDINE- abacavir , lamivudine and zidovudine tablet Lupin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
3. TRIZIVIR- abacavir sulfate, lamivudine, and zidovudine tablet, film coated ViiV Healthcare Company. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
4. Abacavir, Lamivudine, and Zidovudine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Abacavir, Lamivudine and Zidovudine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Truvada

Emtricitabine and Tenofovir

Also called: Truvada®

Emtricitabine and tenofovir is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 37 lb (17 kg). It is also used for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a strategy in which healthy people routinely take antiretrovirals to reduce the risk of becoming infected with HIV.

Emtricitabine and Tenofovir

Also called: Truvada®

Emtricitabine and tenofovir is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 37 lb (17 kg). It is also used for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a strategy in which healthy people routinely take antiretrovirals to reduce the risk of becoming infected with HIV.

Emtricitabine and tenofovir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or tiredness
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Shortness of breath or fast breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Hands or feet that feel cold or turn blue
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Emtricitabine and tenofovir are not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). In people with both HIV and HBV who are treated with emtricitabine and tenofovir, stopping emtricitabine and tenofovir may cause their HBV to flare up (get worse). Before starting emtricitabine and tenofovir, talk to your health care provider about getting tested for HBV.
Do not take emtricitabine and tenofovir to reduce the risk of getting HIV—also called pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP—unless you are confirmed to be HIV negative.
While taking emtricitabine and tenofovir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Emtricitabine and tenofovir is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the following uses:
- To treat HIV infection in adults and children who weigh at least 37 pounds (17 kilograms). Emtricitabine and tenofovir for HIV treatment are always used in combination with other HIV medicines. HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives and also reduces the risk of HIV transmission.
- To reduce the risk of HIV infection in adults and adolescents who weigh at least 77 pounds (35 kilograms) who are HIV-negative and at high risk of getting HIV infection. This method to prevent HIV infection is called pre-exposure prophylaxis or PrEP. Emtricitabine and tenofovir for PrEP should always be used in combination with safer sex practices, such as use of condoms.
Emtricitabine and tenofovir contain two different HIV medicines combined in one pill: emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Both medicines belong to the class (group) of HIV medicines called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. (An enzyme is a protein that starts or increases the speed of a chemical reaction.) By blocking reverse transcriptase, the two drugs in combination prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
Whether you are taking emtricitabine and tenofovir for HIV prevention or in combination with other HIV medicines for HIV treatment, don’t cut down on, skip, or stop taking your HIV medicine(s) unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking emtricitabine and tenofovir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to either of the HIV medicines in emtricitabine and tenofovir (emtricitabine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including HBV.
- If you have kidney problems or receive kidney dialysis treatment.
- If you have bone problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether emtricitabine and tenofovir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking emtricitabine and tenofovir when pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking PrEP, talk to your health care provider about whether to continue taking emtricitabine and tenofovir.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking emtricitabine and tenofovir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Emtricitabine and tenofovir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how emtricitabine and tenofovir works. Taking emtricitabine and tenofovir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Before taking emtricitabine and tenofovir to reduce your risk of getting HIV, you must get tested to be sure you are HIV negative. Do not take emtricitabine and tenofovir to reduce the risk of getting HIV unless you are confirmed to be HIV negative.
Before taking emtricitabine and tenofovir for PrEP, also tell your health care provider:
- If you had a flu-like illness within the last month before starting emtricitabine and tenofovir (or at any time while taking emtricitabine and tenofovir). If you have flu-like symptoms, you could have recently become infected with HIV. Symptoms of new HIV infection include: tiredness, fever, nighttime sweating, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, joint or muscle aches, headache, sore throat, or enlarged lymph nodes in the neck or groin.
- If you think that you were exposed to HIV. Your health care provider may want to do more tests to be sure you are still HIV negative.
While taking emtricitabine and tenofovir for PrEP, you will get tested for HIV at least every 3 months.
Emtricitabine and tenofovir come in tablet form in the following strengths:
- 200 mg emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva) and 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (brand name: Viread)
- 167 mg emtricitabine and 250 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- 133 mg emtricitabine and 200 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
- 100 mg emtricitabine and 150 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Take emtricitabine and tenofovir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take emtricitabine and tenofovir with or without food at the same time each day.

If you take emtricitabine and tenofovir for PrEP, take it every day and not just when you think that you were exposed to HIV. Always combine use of PrEP with condoms and other safer sex practices.
If you take too much emtricitabine and tenofovir, contact your health care provider right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
If you miss a dose of emtricitabine and tenofovir, take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. But if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and just take your next dose at the regular time. Do not take more than one dose of emtricitabine and tenofovir in a day. Do not take two doses at the same time to make up for a missed dose.
Emtricitabine and tenofovir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects from emtricitabine and tenofovir can be serious. Serious side effects of emtricitabine and tenofovir include buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and liver problems. (See the "What is the most important information I should know about emtricitabine and tenofovir?" section above.)
Other possible side effects of emtricitabine and tenofovir include:
- New or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure.
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Bone problems (bone pain, softening, or thinning [osteopenia]).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of emtricitabine and tenofovir. To learn more about possible side effects of emtricitabine and tenofovir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Store emtricitabine and tenofovir at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep emtricitabine and tenofovir in its original container and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use emtricitabine and tenofovir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away emtricitabine and tenofovir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep emtricitabine and tenofovir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Emtricitabine / Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. AIDSinfo. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Nov 07, 2018]
2. EMTRICITABINE AND TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE- emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablet, film coated Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
3. TRUVADA- emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablet, film coated A-S Medication Solutions. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
4. TRUVADA ACCESS- emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablet, film coated Gilead Sciences, Inc. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
5. Emtricitabine and Tenofovir: MedlinePlus Drug Information [accessed on Oct 26, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Emtricitabine and Tenofovir. The drug should not be used for a condition other than that for which it is prescribed. Do not give it to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Additional Materials (3)

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The Plan to End HIV For Good: The Truvada Revolution (Part 1/3)

VICE/YouTube

8:41

Stopping HIV Once and For All | The Truvada Revolution (Part 2/3)

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7:10

How to End the HIV Epidemic - The Truvada Revolution (Part 3/3)

VICE/YouTube

Fusion Inhibitors

Fuzeon - Enfuvirtide / Fusion Inhibitor

Image by clinicalinfo.hiv.gov

Fusion Inhibitors for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Names
Fuzeon	enfuvirtide (also called T-20)

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

Taking Fuzeon (enfuvirtide) with other HIV medicines may increase your risk of pneumonia. Tell your healthcare provider if you have a cough, fever, or trouble breathing.
This medication is a shot given under the skin.

WARNING SIGNS

Fuzeon may cause serious allergic reactions. Call your doctor right away if you have any of these signs.

Trouble breathing
Fever with vomiting and a skin rash
Blood in urine
Swelling of the feet

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Fuzeon

Enfuvirtide Injection

Also called: Fuzeon®

Enfuvirtide is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and children 6 years of age and older who have taken other antiretroviral medicines and whose HIV levels have continued to increase while on treatment.

Enfuvirtide Injection

Also called: Fuzeon®

Enfuvirtide is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and children 6 years of age and older who have taken other antiretroviral medicines and whose HIV levels have continued to increase while on treatment.

Enfuvirtide must be given as an injection (a shot). Almost all people taking the medicine have a reaction at the location where the shot is given (called an injection site reaction). Injection site reactions with enfuvirtide are usually mild to moderate but occasionally can be severe. Reactions on the skin where enfuvirtide is injected include:
- Itching
- Swelling
- Redness
- Pain or tenderness
- Hardened skin
- Bumps
Contact your health care provider right away if you have signs of infection at an injection site (oozing, increasing heat, swelling, redness, or pain).
Enfuvirtide can cause serious side effects. These include severe allergic reaction and possibly pneumonia.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, alone or in combination, that could be signs of a severe allergic reaction:
- Trouble breathing
- Fever with vomiting and a skin rash
- Blood in your urine
- Swelling of your feet
- Chills
- Shivering
- Low blood pressure
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of pneumonia:
- Cough
- Fever
- Trouble breathing, including rapid breathing or shortness of breath
While taking enfuvirtide, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking enfuvirtide, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to enfuvirtide or any other medicines.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether enfuvirtide can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Enfuvirtide should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking enfuvirtide when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking enfuvirtide.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Enfuvirtide may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how enfuvirtide works. Taking enfuvirtide together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Enfuvirtide comes as a powder that is mixed with sterile water to give as an injection (a shot). The enfuvirtide powder, sterile water, and everything else needed to give the injection come in a convenience kit. The kit includes:
- 60 vials of enfuvirtide powder. Each vial contains 108 mg of enfuvirtide powder.
- 60 vials of sterile water to mix with the powder for injection.
- 60 syringes for mixing.
- 60 syringes for injecting.
- Instructions for mixing and injecting enfuvirtide.
- Patient information about enfuvirtide.
Take enfuvirtide according to your health care provider’s instructions. You or your caregiver should be trained by a health care provider before injecting enfuvirtide. Before using the medicine, make sure you understand the instructions for preparing and injecting enfuvirtide that come with the medicine. If you or your caregiver do not understand the instructions or are having a hard time mixing or injecting enfuvirtide, talk to your health care provider.
Mixing enfuvirtide
- Use the syringes provided to prepare enfuvirtide for injection. Do not use the same syringe to both mix and inject enfuvirtide. Do not mix other medicines in the same syringe with enfuvirtide. If enfuvirtide is foamy or jelled after mixing, give it more time to dissolve. Do not inject enfuvirtide if you see particles floating in the vial after the medicine has been mixed.
Injecting enfuvirtide
- Enfuvirtide must be injected. The medicine will not work if it is swallowed. Inject enfuvirtide under the skin in the upper arm, upper leg, or stomach two times a day. Do not inject enfuvirtide in the same area as you did the time before. Do not inject enfuvirtide into the following areas: near the elbow, knee, groin, or lower or inner buttocks; directly over a blood vessel; around the belly button, scar tissue, a bruise, a mole, a surgical scar, a tattoo, or a burn site; or where there is a reaction at an injection site.
- After injecting enfuvirtide, safely dispose of the used syringes in a special container called a sharps container. Your health care provider or pharmacist can give you a sharps container. Do not place used syringes in a trash can.
Enfuvirtide can be taken with or without food.
Always take enfuvirtide in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much enfuvirtide, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Enfuvirtide may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of enfuvirtide can be serious. Serious side effects of enfuvirtide include infection at the injection site, severe allergic reaction, and possibly pneumonia. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about enfuvirtide?)
Other possible side effects of enfuvirtide include:
- Injection site reactions, including itching, swelling, redness, pain or tenderness, hardened skin, or bumps. If the injection site reaction is severe or you have signs of infection (oozing, increasing heat, swelling, redness, or pain), contact your health care provider right away.
- Shooting nerve pain or tingling that lasts up to 6 months. This is likely caused by injecting enfuvirtide close to large nerves or near joints. (This side effect has been reported with use of the Biojector 2000 needle-free device to inject enfuvirtide.)
- Bruising and/or collection of blood under the skin. (This side effect has also been reported with use of the Biojector 2000 needle-free device.)
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of enfuvirtide. To learn more about possible side effects of enfuvirtide, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store unmixed enfuvirtide powder vials at room temperature, 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C). If you cannot store unmixed enfuvirtide powder at room temperature, keep it refrigerated, 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C).
- Store the sterile water vials at room temperature, 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C).
- Store the mixed enfuvirtide solution in the original vial and keep it refrigerated at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Use the mixed enfuvirtide solution within 24 hours.
- Do not use enfuvirtide if the original seal on the convenience kit or any of the kit’s components are broken or missing.
- Do not use enfuvirtide or sterile water after the expiration date on the vials. Throw away enfuvirtide or sterile water vials that are no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep enfuvirtide and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/306/enfuvirtide/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. LABEL: FUZEON- enfuvirtide [accessed on Jan 15, 2019]
3. Enfuvirtide Injection. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Enfuvirtide Injection. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Integrase Inhibitors

Isentress, Isentress HD - Raltegravir / Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor (INSTIs)

Image by clinicalinfo.hiv.gov

Integrase Inhibitors for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Names
Isentress Isentress HD	raltegravir potassium (also called RAL)
Tivicay	dolutegravir sodium (also called DTG)

Elivitegravir and bictegravir — These medicines are available only as a part of a single tablet regimen combination medicine.

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

Before you take these medicines, tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
Tell your healthcare provider about all medicines that you are taking. Integrase Inhibitors may cause serious health problems or death if mixed with other medicines.
These medications are taken by mouth.

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Isentress

Raltegravir

Also called: Isentress®

Raltegravir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Raltegravir

Also called: Isentress®

Raltegravir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Raltegravir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include skin reactions, allergic reactions, and liver problems.
Stop taking raltegravir and contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash with any of the following symptoms:
- Fever
- General ill feeling
- Extreme tiredness
- Muscle or joint aches
- Blisters or sores in your mouth
- Blisters or peeling of your skin
- Redness or swelling of your eyes
- Swelling of your mouth or face
- Trouble breathing
An allergic reaction to raltegravir can cause liver problems. Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach area
While taking raltegravir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking raltegravir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to raltegravir or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems.
- If you have a history of a muscle disorder called rhabdomyolysis or myopathy.
- If you have increased levels of creatine kinase (an enzyme found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle) in your blood.
- If you have phenylketonuria (PKU). The artificial sweetener in raltegravir chewable tablets (aspartame) contains phenylalanine. Phenylalanine may be harmful to people with PKU.
- If you are on kidney dialysis treatment.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether raltegravir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking raltegravir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking raltegravir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Raltegravir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how raltegravir works. Taking raltegravir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Raltegravir comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 400-mg film-coated tablets (brand name: Isentress).
- 600-mg film-coated tablets (brand name: Isentress HD).
- 25-mg and 100-mg chewable tablets (brand name: Isentress).
- 100-mg single-use packets for oral suspension (brand name: Isentress).
Take raltegravir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take raltegravir by mouth, with or without food. Always swallow the film-coated tablets whole. The chewable tablets may be chewed or swallowed whole.
Raltegravir for oral suspension must be mixed with water before use and given within 30 minutes of mixing. Raltegravir for oral suspension comes in a kit that contains the packets of raltegravir and reusable syringes and cups needed to mix and give the medicine. See the detailed instructions that come with the kit for information about the correct way to mix and give a dose of raltegravir for oral suspension. If you have questions about how to mix or give raltegravir for oral suspension, talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
Do not switch between the film-coated tablets, the chewable tablets, or the oral suspension without talking with your health care provider first.
Always take raltegravir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much raltegravir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Raltegravir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of raltegravir can be serious. Serious side effects of raltegravir include skin reactions, allergic reactions, and liver problems. (See the WARNING box above.)
Other possible side effects of raltegravir include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness. This may be a sign of a rare but serious muscle problem that can lead to kidney problems.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of raltegravir. To learn more about possible side effects of raltegravir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store raltegravir at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Do not use raltegravir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Keep raltegravir film-coated and chewable tablets in the container that they came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Keep raltegravir for oral suspension in the container that it came in. Do not open the foil packet until ready for use.
- Throw away raltegravir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep raltegravir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/420/raltegravir/0/patient [accessed on Nov 12, 2018]
2. LABEL: ISENTRESS- raltegravir tablet, film coated ISENTRESS- raltegravir tablet, chewable ISENTRESS- raltegravir granule, for suspension [accessed on Nov 12, 2018]
3. Raltegravir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Raltegravir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Tivicay

Dolutegravir

Also called: Tivicay®, DTG, Dolutegravir Sodium

Dolutegravir (Tivicay) is an antiretroviral medication used, together with other medication, to treat HIV/AIDS. It may also be used, as part of post exposure prophylaxis, to prevent HIV infection following potential exposure.

Dolutegravir

Also called: Tivicay®, DTG, Dolutegravir Sodium

Dolutegravir (Tivicay) is an antiretroviral medication used, together with other medication, to treat HIV/AIDS. It may also be used, as part of post exposure prophylaxis, to prevent HIV infection following potential exposure.

Dolutegravir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include allergic (hypersensitivity) reactions and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash while taking dolutegravir. Stop taking dolutegravir and get medical help right away if you develop a rash with any of the following signs or symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction:
- Fever
- General ill feeling
- Tiredness
- Muscle or joint aches
- Blisters or sores in your mouth
- Blisters or peeling skin
- Redness or swelling of your eyes
- Swelling of your mouth, face, lips, or tongue
- Trouble breathing
Some people taking dolutegravir have had serious liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking dolutegravir. Liver problems have also occurred in people taking dolutegravir who have no history of liver disease. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with dolutegravir.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Pale-colored bowel movements
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on your right side below your ribs
Do not take dolutegravir if you take dofetilide (a medicine used to treat an irregular heartbeat). Taking dolutegravir and dofetilide can cause side effects that may be life threatening.
While taking dolutegravir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Dolutegravir is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in combination with:
- Other HIV medicines in adults and children who weigh at least 66 pounds (30 kilograms), or
- Rilpivirine (brand name: Edurant) as a complete regimen in adults who:
  have a viral load (the amount of HIV in a sample of blood) that is less than 50 copies/mL, and
  have been on the same HIV regimen for at least 6 months, and
  have never had treatment failure (treatment failure is when an HIV regimen is unable to control HIV infection), and
  have no drug resistance mutations associated with either dolutegravir or rilpivirine (drug resistance mutations are changes in the genetic material of HIV that cause the virus to become insensitive to certain HIV medicines).
Dolutegravir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
Dolutegravir belongs to a class (group) of HIV drugs called integrase inhibitors. Integrase inhibitors block an HIV enzyme called integrase. (An enzyme is a protein that starts or increases the speed of a chemical reaction.) By blocking integrase, integrase inhibitors prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking dolutegravir, tell your health care provider:
- If you have ever had an allergic reaction to dolutegravir or are allergic to any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including HBV infection or HCV infection.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking dolutegravir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking dolutegravir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Dolutegravir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how dolutegravir works. Taking dolutegravir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects. Do not take dolutegravir if you take dofetilide. Taking dolutegravir and dofetilide together can cause side effects that may be serious or life threatening.
Dolutegravir (brand name: Tivicay) comes in tablet form in the following strengths:
- 10 mg
- 25 mg
- 50 mg
Take dolutegravir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take dolutegravir by mouth, with or without food. If you are taking any other medicines, carefully follow instructions on how to take them with dolutegravir.
Always take dolutegravir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much dolutegravir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Dolutegravir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of dolutegravir can be serious. Serious side effects of dolutegravir include allergic reactions and liver problems.
Other possible side effects of dolutegravir include:
- Changes in liver test results. People with a history of HBV or HCV infection may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening changes in certain liver test results during treatment with dolutegravir.
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Trouble sleeping, tiredness, and headache, which are among the most common side effects of dolutegravir.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of dolutegravir. To learn more about possible side effects of dolutegravir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store dolutegravir at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Do not use dolutegravir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Throw away dolutegravir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep dolutegravir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. FDA Approves Drug to Treat Infants and Children with HIV [accessed on Jun 12, 2020]
2. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/509/dolutegravir/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
3. LABEL: TIVICAY- dolutegravir sodium tablet, film coated [accessed on Nov 13, 2018]
4. Dolutegravir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Dolutegravir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

NNRTIs

Edurant - RPV, rilpivirine hydrochloride / Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)

Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Names
Edurant	rilpivirine hydrochloride (also called RPV)
Intelence	etravirine (also called ETR)
Rescriptor	delavirdine mesylate (also called DLV)
Pifeltro	doravirine (also called DOR)
Sustiva	efavirenz (also called EFV)
Viramune	nevirapine (also called NVP)
Viramune XR (extended release)	nevirapine (also called NVP)

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

If you have CD4 counts higher than 250 cells per cubic millimeter of blood, talk to your healthcare provider about the risks of taking Viramune (nevirapine).
These medicines may cause serious liver problems or severe skin rashes.
If you have kidney problems or liver problems, such as hepatitis, talk to your healthcare provider before taking these medicines.
These medicines may affect your birth control pills or patch. You may need to use another method of birth control. Talk to your healthcare provider about what medicine is best for you.
These medications are taken by mouth.

WARNING SIGNS

Call your doctor right away if you have any of these signs:

Flu-like symptoms
Feeling tired
Do not feel like eating
Dark urine (looks like tea)
Pale stools
Jaundice (skin or eyes look yellow)
Pain, aches, or sensitivity to touch on right side below your ribs

Also call your healthcare provider right away if you have a severe rash along with blisters, swelling, pink eye, fever, muscle/joint pain, or mouth sores.

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Edurant

Rilpivirine

Also called: Edurant®

Rilpivirine is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in certain adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg). Rilpivirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Rilpivirine

Also called: Edurant®

Rilpivirine is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection in certain adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg). Rilpivirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Rilpivirine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe skin rash, depression, mood changes, and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you get a rash. Stop taking rilpivirine and contact your health care provider or get medical help right away if you get a rash with any of the following symptoms:
- Fever
- Blistering skin
- Sores in your mouth
- Redness or swelling of your eyes
- Swelling in your face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
- Trouble breathing or swallowing
- Pain on the right side of your stomach
- Dark-colored urine
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of depression or mood changes:
- Feeling sad or hopeless
- Feeling anxious or restless
- Harming yourself or having thoughts about harming yourself (including suicidal thoughts)
Some people taking rilpivirine have had liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking rilpivirine. Liver problems have also occurred in people taking rilpivirine who have no history of liver disease. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with rilpivirine.
While taking rilpivirine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Rilpivirine is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 12 years of age and older who weigh at least 77 lb (35 kg) and who:
- have never taken HIV medicines before, and
- have a viral load (the amount of HIV in a sample of blood) of 100,000 copies/mL or less at the start of treatment.
Rilpivirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
Rilpivirine belongs to a group of HIV drugs called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). NNRTIs attach to and block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. By blocking reverse transcriptase, NNRTIs prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
Before taking rilpivirine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to rilpivirine or any other medicines.
- If you have or have had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have ever had a mental health problem.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether rilpivirine can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking rilpivirine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking rilpivirine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Rilpivirine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how rilpivirine works. Taking rilpivirine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Rilpivirine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of rilpivirine can be serious. Serious side effects of rilpivirine include severe rash, depression, mood changes, and liver problems. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about rilpivirine?)
Other possible side effects of rilpivirine include:
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of rilpivirine. To learn more about possible side effects of rilpivirine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store rilpivirine at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep rilpivirine in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. The container helps protect rilpivirine from light.
- Do not use rilpivirine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away rilpivirine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep rilpivirine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/426/rilpivirine/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Rilpivirine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Rilpivirine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Intelence

Etravirine

Also called: Intelence®

Etravirine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 2 years of age and older. Etravirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Etravirine

Also called: Intelence®

Etravirine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 2 years of age and older. Etravirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Etravirine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe skin rash and allergic reactions.
Contact your health care provider or get medical help right away if you have a rash along with any of the following symptoms:
- Hives or sores in your mouth
- Blistering or peeling skin
- Trouble swallowing or breathing
- Swelling of your face, eyes, lips, tongue, or throat
- Fever
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Generally not feeling well
- Feeling very tired
- Aching muscles or joints
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Abdominal pain (pain on the right side of your stomach area)
While taking etravirine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking etravirine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to etravirine or any other medicines.
- If you have had or currently have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether etravirine can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Etravirine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking etravirine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking etravirine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products, including St. John's wort, you are taking or plan to take. Etravirine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how etravirine works. Taking etravirine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Etravirine (brand name: Intelence) comes in tablet form in three different strengths:
- 25-mg tablets
- 100-mg tablets
- 200-mg tablets
Take etravirine according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Always take etravirine after a meal. Do not take etravirine on an empty stomach. Swallow the tablets whole with a glass of water. Do not chew the tablets.
If you are unable to swallow the etravirine tablets whole, place the tablets in a glass containing a teaspoon of water. (If needed, add more water to cover the tablets.) Do not put the tablets in other liquids. Stir well until the water looks milky. At this step, you may add a small amount of water, orange juice, or milk to make the mixture easier to drink. Then drink the mixture right away. Rinse the glass with water, orange juice, or milk several times, and completely swallow the rinse each time to make sure you take the entire dose of etravirine. Avoid using grapefruit juice or warm (more than 104°F/40°C) or carbonated beverages when taking etravirine tablets.
Always take etravirine in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much etravirine, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Etravirine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of etravirine can be serious. Serious side effects of etravirine include severe skin rash and allergic reactions. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about etravirine?)
Other possible side effects of etravirine include:
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Tingling, numbness, or pain in your hands or feet (peripheral neuropathy) (in adults).
- Diarrhea (in children).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of etravirine. To learn more about possible side effects of etravirine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store etravirine at 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep etravirine in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture. Do not eat the desiccant packets.
- Do not use etravirine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away etravirine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep etravirine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/398/etravirine/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Etravirine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Etravirine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Rescriptor

Delavirdine

Also called: Rescriptor®, Delavirdine Mesylate, DLV

Rescriptor (delavirdine mesylate) is an antiviral medication used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is in a category of HIV medicines called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Delavirdine

Also called: Rescriptor®, Delavirdine Mesylate, DLV

Rescriptor (delavirdine mesylate) is an antiviral medication used to treat HIV, which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is in a category of HIV medicines called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Rescriptor is a medicine used in combination with other anti-HIV medicines to treat people with HIV-1 infection. Infection with HIV-1 leads to the destruction of infection-fighting immune system cells (called CD4+ cells or T cells), which are important to the immune system. After a large number of CD4+ cells have been destroyed, the infected person develops acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Rescriptor helps to block HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, a chemical the virus uses to make more copies of itself. The main goals of anti-HIV medicines like Rescriptor are to decrease the amount of virus in your blood (called viral load) and to increase the number of CD4+ cells as much as possible for as long as possible.
Rescriptor, when taken with other anti-HIV medicines, lowers the HIV-1 viral load in patients. Patients who took Rescriptor as part of combination therapy for HIV-1 also had increases in their CD4+ cell count.
Rescriptor does not cure HIV-1 or AIDS and you may continue to experience illnesses associated with HIV-1 infection, including opportunistic infections. You should remain under the care of a doctor when using Rescriptor.
Avoid doing things that can spread HIV-1 infection.
- Do not share needles or other injection equipment.
- Do not share personal items that can have blood or body fluids on them, like toothbrushes and razor blades.
- Do not have any kind of sex without protection. Always practice safe sex by using a latex or polyurethane condom to lower the chance of sexual contact with semen, vaginal secretions, or blood.
Together with your healthcare provider, you need to decide whether Rescriptor is right for you.
- Do not take Rescriptor if you are taking certain medicines. These could cause serious side effects that could cause death. Before you take Rescriptor, you must tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you are taking or are planning to take. These include other prescription and nonprescription medicines and herbal supplements.
- Do not take Rescriptor if you have an allergy to Rescriptor. Also tell your healthcare provider if you have any known allergies to other medicines, foods, preservatives, or dyes.
- Tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. The effects of Rescriptor on pregnant women or their unborn babies are not known.
- If you are breastfeeding, do not breastfeed. We do not know if Rescriptor can be passed to your baby in your breast milk and whether it could harm your baby. Also, mothers with HIV-1 should not breastfeed because HIV-1 can be passed to the baby in the breast milk. Talk with your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby.
- Talk with your healthcare provider if you have liver or kidney disease. Rescriptor has not been studied in people with liver or kidney disease.
- Certain medical problems may affect the use of Rescriptor. Be sure to tell your healthcare provider of any other medical problems you may have.
- You should stay under a healthcare provider's care when taking Rescriptor. Do not change your treatment or stop treatment without first talking with your healthcare provider.
- You must take Rescriptor every day exactly as your healthcare provider prescribes it. Follow the directions from your healthcare provider, exactly as written on the label.
- The usual dose of Rescriptor is two 200-mg tablets 3 times a day or four 100-mg tablets 3 times a day, in combination with other anti-HIV-1 medicines. Either way, your total daily dose of Rescriptor remains the same.
- You can take Rescriptor with or without food.
- If you have trouble swallowing tablets, the 100-mg Rescriptor tablets may be dissolved in water. Place 4 tablets in at least 3 ounces of water and allow the tablets to sit in the water for a few minutes. Then, stir the water until the tablets have dissolved and drink the mixture right away. Add a little more water, swirl, and then drink the rest of the mixture to be sure that you get all the medicine. The 200-mg tablets must be swallowed whole. They cannot be dissolved in water.
- Many people find it easier to take their Rescriptor with breakfast, lunch, and dinner, since food does not interfere with Rescriptor. It is a good idea to get into the habit of taking Rescriptor on a regular schedule to make it easier to remember. Figure out things that happen every day at pill-taking time and take your tablets then. By taking your medicine along with activities you do every day, such as getting up in the morning, brushing your teeth, eating lunch, coming home from work in the evening, or watching a favorite TV show, you will find it easier to remember to take every dose.
- When your supply of Rescriptor starts to run low, get more from your healthcare provider or pharmacy. This is very important because the amount of virus in your blood may increase if the medicine is stopped for even a short time. The virus may develop resistance to Rescriptor and become harder to treat.
- Only take medicine that has been prescribed specifically for you. Do not give Rescriptor to others or take medicine prescribed for someone else.
Rescriptor may interact with other medicines, including those you take without a prescription. You must tell your healthcare provider about all medicines you are taking or planning to take before you take Rescriptor. It is a good idea to keep a complete list of all the medicines that you take, including nonprescription medicines, herbal remedies and supplements, and street drugs. Update this list when medicines are added or stopped. Give copies of this list to all of your healthcare providers every time you visit or fill a prescription.
MEDICINES YOU SHOULD NOT TAKE WITH Rescriptor
Do not take the following medicines with Rescriptor because they can cause serious problems or death if taken with Rescriptor:
- VERSED® (midazolam) Injection and Syrup (for sedation)
- HALCION® (triazolam) Tablets (for sleep problems)
- XANAX® (alprazolam) Tablets (for anxiety)
- D.H.E. 45® Injection, ERGOMAR®, MIGRANAL®, WIGRAINE®, and CAFERGOT® (for migraine headaches)
- METHERGINE® (for bleeding after childbirth)
- ORAP® (pimozide) Tablets (for seizures)
- PROPULSID® (cisapride) Tablets and Suspension (for heartburn)
- HISMANAL® (astemizole) Tablets (for allergies)
- SELDANE® (terfenadine) Tablets (for allergies)
Do not take the following medicines when you take Rescriptor. They may reduce the levels of Rescriptor in the blood and make it less effective. Talk with your healthcare provider if you are currently taking these medicines because other medicines may have to be given to take their place:
- Rifampin (also known as RIMACTANE®, RIFADIN®, RIFATER®, RIFAMATE®) (to treat tuberculosis)
- Phenobarbital (for seizures)
- DILANTIN® (phenytoin) (for seizures)
- TEGRETOL® (carbamazepine) (for seizures)
Do not take Rescriptor with St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), an herbal product sold as a dietary supplement, or products containing St. John's wort. Talk with your healthcare provider if you are taking or planning to take St. John's wort. Taking St. John's wort may decrease levels of Rescriptor and lead to increased viral load and possible resistance to Rescriptor or cross-resistance to other anti-HIV medicines.
Do not take Rescriptor with cholesterol-lowering medicines MEVACOR® (lovastatin) or ZOCOR® (simvastatin) because of possible serious reactions. There is also an increased risk of drug interactions between Rescriptor and LIPITOR® (atorvastatin), BAYCOL® (cerivastatin), and LESCOL® (fluvastatin); talk to your healthcare provider before you take any of these cholesterol-reducing medicines with Rescriptor.
Medicines that require dosage adjustments:
It is possible that your healthcare provider may need to increase or decrease the 769 dose of other medicines when you are taking Rescriptor. Remember to tell your healthcare provider all the medicines you are taking or planning to take.
Before you take VIAGRA® (sildenafil) with Rescriptor, talk to your healthcare provider about problems these 2 medicines can cause when taken together. You may get increased side effects of VIAGRA, such as low blood pressure, vision changes, and penis erection lasting more than 4 hours. If an erection lasts longer than 4 hours, get medical help right away to avoid permanent damage to your penis. Your healthcare provider can explain these symptoms to you.
If you are taking both VIDEX® (didanosine, ddI) and Rescriptor: Take VIDEX (buffered tablets) 1 hour before or 1 hour after you take Rescriptor. Taking them together causes lower amounts of Rescriptor in the blood, making both medicines less effective.
Protease inhibitors: A number of healthy volunteers and HIV-1-infected patients were studied while taking Rescriptor with one of these protease inhibitors: CRIXIVAN® (indinavir), INVIRASE® and FORTOVASE® (saquinavir), NORVIR® (ritonavir), or VIRACEPT® (nelfinavir). Rescriptor was shown to increase the amount of these protease inhibitors in the blood. Rescriptor is expected to increase the amount of AGENERASE® (amprenavir) and KALETRA® (lopinavir + ritonavir) in the blood. As a result, your healthcare provider may choose to lower the dose of one of these medicines or monitor certain lab tests if these protease inhibitors are taken in combination with Rescriptor.
Antacids should be taken at least 1 hour before or 1 hour after you take Rescriptor because they can slow the absorption of Rescriptor.
Based on your history of taking other anti-HIV medicine, your healthcare provider will direct you on how to take Rescriptor and other anti-HIV medicines. These drugs should be taken in a certain order or at specific times. This will depend on how many times a day each medicine should be taken. It will also depend on whether the medicines should be taken with or without food.
- Keep the bottle closed and store at room temperature (between 68°F and 77°F) away from sources of moisture such as a sink or other damp place. Heat and moisture may reduce the effectiveness of Rescriptor.
- Do not keep medicine that is out of date or that you no longer need. Be sure that if you throw any medicine away, it is out of the reach of children.
Keep Rescriptor and all other medicines out of the reach of children.
1. RESCRIPTOR® (delavirdine mesylate) Tablets [accessed on May 31, 2023]
2. Delavirdine. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Dec 27, 2017 [accessed on May 31, 2023]
3. Delavirdine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Delavirdine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Pifeltro

Doravirine

Also called: Pifeltro®

Doravirine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who have never taken HIV medicines before. Doravirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Doravirine

Also called: Pifeltro®

Doravirine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults who have never taken HIV medicines before. Doravirine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Doravirine can cause serious side effects. These include changes in your immune system, called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS. IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Contact your health care provider right away if you start having any new symptoms after starting doravirine.
While taking doravirine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking doravirine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to doravirine or any other medicines.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether doravirine can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking doravirine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking doravirine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Doravirine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how doravirine works.
Doravirine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.

Some side effects of doravirine can be serious. A serious side effect of doravirine is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, or IRIS. IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about doravirine?)

Other possible side effects of doravirine include:
- Headache
- Tiredness
- Diarrhea
- Stomach (abdominal) pain
- Abnormal dreams
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

These are not all the possible side effects of doravirine. To learn more about possible side effects of doravirine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.

You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store doravirine at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep doravirine in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use doravirine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away doravirine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep doravirine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/546/doravirine/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 29, 2019]
2. FDA Drug Approvals and Databases - Drug Trials Snapshots: PIFELTRO [accessed on Jan 29, 2019]
3. Doravirine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Jan 18, 2019]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Doravirine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Sustiva

Efavirenz

Also called: Sustiva®

Efavirenz is a prescription medicine used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and in children who are at least 3 months old and who weigh at least 7 pounds 12 ounces (3.5 kg).

Efavirenz

Also called: Sustiva®

Efavirenz is a prescription medicine used with other antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV infection in adults and in children who are at least 3 months old and who weigh at least 7 pounds 12 ounces (3.5 kg).

Efavirenz can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include serious mental health problems, liver problems, and severe rash.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of mental health problems:
- Feeling sad or hopeless
- Feeling anxious or restless
- Harming yourself or others or having thoughts about harming yourself (including suicidal thoughts)
- Not being able to tell the difference between what is true or real and what is false or unreal
- Not trusting other people
- Hearing or seeing things that are not real
- Not being able to move or speak normally
Some people taking efavirenz have had liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking efavirenz. Liver problems have also occurred in people taking efavirenz who have no history of liver disease. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with efavirenz.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain in the lower stomach area (abdominal pain)
Skin rash is common when taking efavirenz and usually goes away within 4 weeks of beginning treatment, but it can also be severe. Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash—with or without itching—and any of the following symptoms:
- Fever
- Swelling of your face
- Blisters or skin lesions
- Peeling skin
- Sores in your mouth
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
Women should not become pregnant while taking efavirenz and for 12 weeks after stopping the medicine. Serious birth defects have been seen in the babies of animals and women treated with efavirenz during pregnancy. Whether efavirenz caused these birth defects is unknown.
While taking efavirenz, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking efavirenz, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to efavirenz or any other medicines.
- If you have a heart condition.
- If you have or have ever had a mental health problem.
- If you use or have ever used street drugs or large amounts of alcohol.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have or have ever had seizures or are taking medicine to help prevent seizures.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Women should not become pregnant while taking efavirenz and for 12 weeks after stopping the drug. Serious birth defects have been seen in the babies of animals and women treated with efavirenz during pregnancy. Whether efavirenz caused these birth defects is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking efavirenz when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking efavirenz.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Efavirenz may make these forms of birth control less effective. Women who are able to become pregnant must use two effective forms of birth control during treatment with efavirenz and for 12 weeks after stopping the drug. A barrier form of birth control, such as a condom or contraceptive sponge, must be used along with another type of birth control. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking efavirenz.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take, especially if you are taking Atripla or elbasvir / grazoprevir. Efavirenz may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how efavirenz works. Taking efavirenz together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Efavirenz (brand name: Sustiva) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 50-mg capsules
- 200-mg capsules
- 600-mg tablets
Take efavirenz according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take efavirenz on an empty stomach, preferably at bedtime. Swallow efavirenz tablets and capsules whole with liquid. Do not take efavirenz with food.
Tell your health care provider if you or your child is unable to swallow tablets or capsules. Your health care provider can give you instructions on how to mix the contents of efavirenz capsules with soft food (or infant formula) to make the medicine easier to take.
Always take efavirenz in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much efavirenz, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Efavirenz may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of efavirenz can be serious. Serious side effects of efavirenz include serious mental health problems, liver problems, and severe rash. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about efavirenz?)
Other possible side effects of efavirenz include:
- Nervous system symptoms, including dizziness, drowsiness, trouble sleeping, unusual dreams, and trouble concentrating. (These symptoms usually go away within 2 to 4 weeks of beginning treatment.)
- Seizures. Seizures are more likely to happen if you have had seizures in the past.
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Increases in the levels of certain fats (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of efavirenz. To learn more about possible side effects of efavirenz, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store efavirenz at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Do not use efavirenz if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away efavirenz that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep efavirenz and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/269/efavirenz/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. LABEL: EFAVIRENZ - efavirenz capsule [accessed on Nov 12, 2018]
3. Efavirenz. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Efavirenz. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Viramune

Nevirapine

Also called: Viramune®

Nevirapine is a prescription medicine for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Nevirapine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Nevirapine

Also called: Viramune®

Nevirapine is a prescription medicine for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Nevirapine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Nevirapine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe liver problems, skin rash, and skin reactions. The liver and skin problems can happen at any time during treatment, but the risk is greater during the first 18 weeks of treatment.
Stop taking nevirapine and contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms of liver problems, which may or may not be associated with a skin rash:
- Dark-colored urine
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Fever
- Nausea
- Feeling unwell or like you have the flu
- Pain or tenderness on your right side below your ribs
- Tiredness
- Loss of appetite
Stop taking nevirapine and contact your health care provider right away if you have a skin rash with any of the following symptoms:
- Blisters
- Mouth sores
- Redness or swelling of your eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Swelling of your face
- Fever
- Feeling unwell or like you have the flu
- Tiredness
- Muscle or joint aches
If your health care provider tells you to stop treatment with nevirapine because of serious liver or skin problems, you should never take nevirapine again.
While taking nevirapine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking nevirapine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to nevirapine or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had hepatitis or other liver problems.
- If you are on or have ever received kidney dialysis.
- If you have or have ever had skin problems, such as a rash. Do not start nevirapine extended-release tablets if you have a rash.
- If you (or your child) have trouble swallowing pills.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether nevirapine can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking nevirapine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking nevirapine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Nevirapine may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking nevirapine.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products, especially St. John's wort, you are taking or plan to take. Nevirapine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how nevirapine works. Taking nevirapine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Nevirapine comes in tablet form, either as immediate release tablets (brand name: Viramune) or extended release tablets (brand name: Viramune XR):
- 200-mg immediate-release tablets
- 100-mg extended-release tablets (only available in generic form)
- 400-mg extended-release tablets
Nevirapine also comes as an oral suspension (brand name: Viramune):
- 50-mg/5 mL oral suspension
Take nevirapine according to your health care provider’s instructions.
To reduce the risk of skin rash, only one dose of nevirapine is given each day for the first 14 days of treatment. When starting nevirapine for the first time, only the immediate-release tablet and oral suspension forms of the drug are given. If you get a skin rash during the 14-day lead-in period, call your health care provider right away. Do not increase your nevirapine dose to two times a day or switch to taking nevirapine extended-release tablets.
Take nevirapine with or without food. Never take more than one form of nevirapine at the same time.
Nevirapine extended-release tablets are not for use in children less than 6 years of age. The extended-release tablets should be swallowed whole and should not be chewed, crushed, or divided.

Nevirapine oral suspension is a liquid. Shake it gently before each use, and use an oral dosing syringe or dosing cup to measure the right dose. If the dose is less than one teaspoon (5 mL), use a syringe to measure the dose. (Ask your pharmacist for a syringe or dosing cup if you do not have one.) After drinking the medicine, fill the dosing cup with water and drink it to make sure you get all the medicine.
Always take nevirapine in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much nevirapine, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Nevirapine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable. See the AIDSinfo fact sheet on HIV Medicines and Side Effectsfor more information.
Some side effects of nevirapine can be serious. Serious side effects of nevirapine include severe liver problems, skin rash, and skin reactions. The liver and skin problems can happen at any time during treatment, but the risk is greater during the first 18 weeks of treatment. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about nevirapine?)
Other possible side effects of nevirapine include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of nevirapine. To learn more about possible side effects of nevirapine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store nevirapine at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep nevirapine in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use nevirapine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away nevirapine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
- Keep nevirapine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Nevirapine. AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 28, 2019]
2. NEVIRAPINE- nevirapine tablet, coated Carlsbad Technology, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
3. NEVIRAPINE - nevirapine suspension Aurobindo Pharma Limited. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
4. NEVIRAPINE EXTENDED RELEASE - nevirapine tablet Alvogen Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
5. VIRAMUNE - nevirapine tablet, extended release Physicians Total Care, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
6. Nevirapine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Nevirapine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Additional Materials (2)

Nevirapine 200 MG Oral Tablet

National Library of Medicine

HIV Pill Brochure

AIDSinfo

NRTIs

Combivir - Lamivudine / Zidovudine / Combination Drugs Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (lamivudine, zidovudine)

Image by clinicalinfo.hiv.gov

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Names
Cimduo*	lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Combivir*	lamivudine and zidovudine
Descovy*	emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide fumarate
Emtriva	emtricitabine (also called FTC)
Epivir	lamivudine (also called 3TC)
Epzicom*	abacavir sulfate and lamivudine
Retrovir	zidovudine (also called azidothymidine, ZDV; formerly called AZT)
Temixys*	lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Trizivir*	abacavir sulfate, lamivudine, and zidovudine
Truvada*	emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Videx	didanosine (also called DDl, dideoxyinosine)
Videx EC	enteric coated didanosine (also called DDl, dideoxyinosine)
Viread	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (also called TDF)
Zerit	stavudine (also called d4T)
Zerit XR (extended release)	stavudine (also called d4T)
Ziagen	abacavir sulfate (also called ABC)

* Cimduo, Combivir, Descovy, Epzicom, Temixys, Trizivir, and Truvada are combination medicines.

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

Talk with your healthcare provider about being tested for HLA-B*5701 prior to taking abacavir or medicines containing abacavir.
These medicines may cause lactic acidosis (too much acid in the blood).
These medicines may cause serious liver, pancreas, or kidney problems.
If you have kidney problems or liver problems, such as hepatitis, talk to your healthcare provider before taking these medicines.
These medications are taken by mouth. Retrovir (other names: zidovudine, AZT, azidothymidine, ZDV) can also be given as an intravenous infusion.

WARNING SIGNS

Call your doctor right away if you have any of these signs:

Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
Feeling very weak or tired
Problems breathing
Weakness in arms and legs
Tingling, numbness, or pain in feet or hands
Jaundice (skin or eyes look yellow)
Pain in the upper or lower stomach area

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Emtriva

Emtricitabine

Also called: Emtriva®

Emtricitabine is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection in adults, children, and infants.

Emtricitabine

Also called: Emtriva®

Emtricitabine is a prescription medicine used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection in adults, children, and infants.

Emtricitabine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and serious liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in the arms and legs
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain in the stomach (abdominal) area
Emtricitabine is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV). If you have both HIV and HBV infection and take emtricitabine, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking emtricitabine. Do not stop taking emtricitabine without first talking with your health care provider. If your health care provider tells you to stop emtricitabine, you will be monitored closely for several months to check your HBV infection. You may receive a medicine to treat your HBV infection.
While taking emtricitabine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking emtricitabine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to emtricitabine or any other medicines.
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have any liver problems, including HBV infection.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether emtricitabine can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Emtricitabine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking emtricitabine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking emtricitabine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Emtricitabine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how emtricitabine works. Taking emtricitabine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Emtricitabine (brand name: Emtriva) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 200-mg capsules
- 10-mg/mL oral solution
Take emtricitabine according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take emtricitabine by mouth, with or without food.
Always take emtricitabine in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much emtricitabine, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Emtricitabine may cause side effects. Most side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of emtricitabine can be serious. Serious side effects of emtricitabine include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis) and serious liver problems. If you have HBV, you may have sudden worsening (a flare up) of your HBV infection if you stop taking emtricitabine. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about emtricitabine?)
Other possible side effects of emtricitabine include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Skin discoloration.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of emtricitabine. To learn more about possible side effects of emtricitabine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store emtricitabine capsules between 59°F and 86°F (15°C to 30°C).
- Store emtricitabine oral solution in a refrigerator, between 36°F and 46°F (2°C to 8°C) or store at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C), for up to 3 months. If you store emtricitabine oral solution at room temperature, throw away any solution remaining in the bottle after 3 months.
- Do not freeze emtricitabine oral solution.
- Do not use emtricitabine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away emtricitabine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep emtricitabine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Emtricitabine (Brand Name: Emtriva). AIDSinfo, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. LABEL: EMTRIVA- emtricitabine capsule [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
3. Emtricitabine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Emtricitabine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Epivir

Lamivudine

Also called: Epivir®

Epivir (lamivudine) is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 3 months of age and older. Epivir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Lamivudine

Also called: Epivir®

Epivir (lamivudine) is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 3 months of age and older. Epivir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Lamivudine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acidin the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, and inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) in children at risk for pancreatitis.

Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Feeling dizzy or light-headed
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of severe liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach area
Call your health care provider right away if your child develops signs and symptoms of pancreatitis, including severe pain in the upper stomach area with or without nausea and vomiting.
If you have both HIV and hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and take lamivudine, your HBV infectionmay get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking lamivudine. Do not stop taking lamivudine without first talking to your health care provider.

Epivir-HBV is a different type of lamivudine used to treat chronic HBV infection. You should not take Epivir-HBV if you have or may have HIV infection. Epivir-HBV does not contain enough lamivudine to effectively treat HIV infection. If you have both HIV and HBV, you should not use Epivir-HBV to treat your infections.

Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people living with both HIV and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) who were taking HIV medicines and also being treated for HCV infection with interferon with or without ribavirin. If you are taking lamivudine as well as interferon with or without ribavirin and you experience side effects, tell your health care provider.

While taking lamivudine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking lamivudine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to lamivudine or any other medicines.
- If you have or have had liver problems, including HBV or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have diabetes. Each 15-mL dose (150 mg) of lamivudine oral solution contains three grams of sucrose (common table sugar).
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Taking lamivudine during pregnancy has not been associated with an increased risk of birth defects, but tell your health care provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while taking lamivudine.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking lamivudine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Lamivudine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how lamivudine works. Taking lamivudine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Lamivudine (brand name: Epivir) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 150-mg tablets
- 300-mg tablets
- 10-mg/mL oral solution
Take lamivudine according to your health care provider’s instructions.
For children 3 months and older, their health care provider will prescribe a dose of lamivudine based on their body weight.
Take lamivudine by mouth, with or without food. Tell your health care provider if you have trouble swallowing tablets. Lamivudine also comes as a liquid oral solution.
Always take lamivudine in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much lamivudine, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Lamivudine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of lamivudine can be serious. Serious side effects of lamivudine include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, and inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) in children at risk for pancreatitis. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about lamivudine?)
Other possible side effects of lamivudine include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of lamivudine. To learn more about possible side effects of lamivudine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store lamivudine tablets and oral solution at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep lamivudine oral solution in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use lamivudine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away lamivudine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep lamivudine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Lamivudine. AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Lamivudine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Lamivudine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Retrovir

Zidovudine

Also called: Retrovir®, ZDV

Zidovudine is a prescription medicine used with other HIV medications to treat HIV infection in adults and children 4 weeks of age and older. It is also used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Zidovudine

Also called: Retrovir®, ZDV

Zidovudine is a prescription medicine used with other HIV medications to treat HIV infection in adults and children 4 weeks of age and older. It is also used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

Zidovudine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include hypersensitivityreaction or rash, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, muscle weakness (myopathy), and blood disorders such as extremely reduced numbers of red blood cells (severe anemia) or reduced numbers of white blood cells (neutropenia).
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of a hypersensitivity reaction:
- Rash
- Blistering or peeling of the skin
- Hives
- Itching
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Swelling of the eyes, face, tongue, lips, or throat
Contact your health care provider immediately or get emergency medical treatment right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems or lactic acidosis:
- Nausea, vomiting
- Pain in the upper right part of your stomach
- Loss of appetite
- Extreme tiredness
- Weakness
- Dizziness, lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Trouble breathing
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Feeling cold, especially in the arms or legs
- Unusual muscle pain
Contact your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms of myopathy:
- Tiredness
- Muscle pain
- Weakness
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms of severe anemia or neutropenia:
- Unusual bleeding or bruising
- Fever, chills, or other symptoms of infection
- Unusual tiredness or weakness
- Pale skin
Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people with both HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who were taking HIV medicines and also being treated for HCV infection with interferon with or without ribavirin. If you are taking zidovudine as well as interferon with or without ribavirin and you experience side effects, tell your health care provider.
While taking zidovudine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Zidovudine is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the following uses:
- To treat HIV infection in adults and children 4 weeks of age and older. When zidovudine is used to treat HIV infection, the medicine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
- To prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. When used to prevent mother-to-child transmission, zidovudine is given to women with HIV during pregnancy and childbirth and to their infants for 6 weeks after birth.
Zidovudine belongs to a class (group) of HIV drugs called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. (An enzyme is a protein that starts or increases the speed of a chemical reaction.) By blocking reverse transcriptase, NRTIs prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. However, despite use of zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, some cases of HIV infection can still occur.
Zidovudine may also be used off-label to treat some conditions associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection in people with HIV.
Before taking zidovudine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to zidovudine or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver or kidney disease.
- If you have or have ever had bleeding, anemia, or other blood problems.
- If you have or have ever had any disease or swelling of the muscles.
- If you have or have had any other medical conditions.
- If you drink alcohol or have a history of alcohol abuse.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Despite use of zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, some cases of HIV infection can still occur. Whether exposure to zidovudine in the womb or after birth can harm a baby in the long term is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking zidovudine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking zidovudine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Zidovudine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how zidovudine works. Taking zidovudine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Zidovudine (brand name: Retrovir) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 300-mg tablets
- 100-mg capsules
- 10-mg/mL syrup
- 20-mL/200mg single-use vials for intravenous (IV) injection
Take zidovudine according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take zidovudine capsules and syrup with or without food.
If you take too much zidovudine, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Zidovudine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of zidovudine can be serious. Serious side effects of zidovudine include lactic acidosis, liver problems, myopathy, and blood disorders such as severe anemia or neutropenia.
Other possible side effects of zidovudine include:
- Changes in the immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of zidovudine. To learn more about possible side effects of zidovudine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store zidovudine tablets at 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Store zidovudine capsules and syrup at 59°F to 77°F (15°C to 25°C). Protect zidovudine capsules from moisture.
- Keep zidovudine in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use zidovudine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away zidovudine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep zidovudine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Zidovudine. AIDSInfo. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jan 13, 2019]
2. LABEL: RETROVIR- zidovudine capsule RETROVIR- zidovudine syrup RETROVIR- zidovudine injection, solution [accessed on Jan 13, 2019]
3. Zidovudine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Zidovudine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Retrovir (Injection)

Zidovudine Injection

Also called: Retrovir® Injection

Zidovudine is an antiviral medication that prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cells from multiplying in your body. It is also given during pregnancy to prevent an HIV-infected woman from passing the virus to her baby.

Zidovudine Injection

Also called: Retrovir® Injection

Zidovudine is an antiviral medication that prevents human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cells from multiplying in your body. It is also given during pregnancy to prevent an HIV-infected woman from passing the virus to her baby.

Zidovudine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include hypersensitivityreaction or rash, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), liver problems, muscle weakness (myopathy), and blood disorders such as extremely reduced numbers of red blood cells (severe anemia) or reduced numbers of white blood cells (neutropenia).
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of a hypersensitivity reaction:
- Rash
- Blistering or peeling of the skin
- Hives
- Itching
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Swelling of the eyes, face, tongue, lips, or throat
Contact your health care provider immediately or get emergency medical treatment right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems or lactic acidosis:
- Nausea, vomiting
- Pain in the upper right part of your stomach
- Loss of appetite
- Extreme tiredness
- Weakness
- Dizziness, lightheadedness
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Trouble breathing
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Feeling cold, especially in the arms or legs
- Unusual muscle pain
Contact your health care provider if you have any of the following symptoms of myopathy:
- Tiredness
- Muscle pain
- Weakness
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms of severe anemia or neutropenia:
- Unusual bleeding or bruising
- Fever, chills, or other symptoms of infection
- Unusual tiredness or weakness
- Pale skin
Worsening of liver disease (sometimes resulting in death) has occurred in people with both HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection who were taking HIV medicines and also being treated for HCV infection with interferon with or without ribavirin. If you are taking zidovudine as well as interferon with or without ribavirin and you experience side effects, tell your health care provider.
While taking zidovudine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Zidovudine is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the following uses:
- To treat HIV infection in adults and children 4 weeks of age and older. When zidovudine is used to treat HIV infection, the medicine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
- To prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. When used to prevent mother-to-child transmission, zidovudine is given to women with HIV during pregnancy and childbirth and to their infants for 6 weeks after birth.
Zidovudine belongs to a class (group) of HIV drugs called nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTIs block an HIV enzyme called reverse transcriptase. (An enzyme is a protein that starts or increases the speed of a chemical reaction.) By blocking reverse transcriptase, NRTIs prevent HIV from multiplying and can reduce the amount of HIV in the body.
HIV medicines can’t cure HIV/AIDS, but taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV regimen) every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. However, despite use of zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, some cases of HIV infection can still occur.
Zidovudine may also be used off-label to treat some conditions associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection in people with HIV.
Before taking zidovudine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to zidovudine or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver or kidney disease.
- If you have or have ever had bleeding, anemia, or other blood problems.
- If you have or have ever had any disease or swelling of the muscles.
- If you have or have had any other medical conditions.
- If you drink alcohol or have a history of alcohol abuse.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Despite use of zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, some cases of HIV infection can still occur. Whether exposure to zidovudine in the womb or after birth can harm a baby in the long term is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking zidovudine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking zidovudine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Zidovudine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how zidovudine works. Taking zidovudine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Zidovudine is given as an injection through a needle placed into a vein by a healthcare provider. You may be given instructions on how to inject your medicine at home. Do not use this medicine at home if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of needles and other items used in giving the medicine.
Zidovudine (brand name: Retrovir) injection comes in the following strength:
- 20-mL/200mg single-use vials for intravenous (IV) injection
Vials of zidovudine for IV injection contain 200 mg of zidovudine in a 20 mL solution. (A solution is a mixture of a medicine and a liquid.). Before use, the appropriate dose of zidovudine is drawn from the vial and diluted with a dextrose (sugar)/water solution. The diluted medicine is injected slowly (infused) over a specified period of time through a needle or catheter into a vein.
If you take too much zidovudine, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Zidovudine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of zidovudine can be serious. Serious side effects of zidovudine include lactic acidosis, liver problems, myopathy, and blood disorders such as severe anemia or neutropenia.
Other possible side effects of zidovudine include:
- Changes in the immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of zidovudine. To learn more about possible side effects of zidovudine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store vials of zidovudine for IV injection at 59°F to 77°F (15°C to 25°C) and protect them from light.
- Once zidovudine for IV injection is diluted, use the solution within 8 hours if stored at 59°F to 77°F (15°C to 25°C) or 24 hours if refrigerated at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C).
- Throw away zidovudine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep zidovudine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Zidovudine. AIDSInfo. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Aug 19, 2019]
2. RETROVIR (zidovudine) injection, for intravenous use [accessed on Aug 19, 2019]
3. Zidovudine Injection. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Zidovudine Injection. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Videx

Didanosine

Also called: Videx®

Didanosine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 2 weeks of age and older. Didanosine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Didanosine

Also called: Videx®

Didanosine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 2 weeks of age and older. Didanosine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Didanosine can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis), a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of pancreatitis:
- Severe stomach pain
- Swelling of your stomach
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fever
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
- Weight loss
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored stools
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach
Didanosine should not be taken with stavudine (another HIV medicine; brand name: Zerit). Didanosine may interact with stavudine, which can cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
While taking didanosine, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Do not take didanosine if you take:
- allopurinol
- ribavirin
Before taking didanosine, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to didanosine or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had problems with your pancreas, including pancreatitis.
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including hepatitis.
- If you have or have ever had numbness, tingling, or pain in your hands or feet (peripheral neuropathy).
- If you are receiving dialysis.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you drink alcoholic beverages. Do not drink alcohol while taking didanosine.
- If you take a medicine called stavudine (brand name: Zerit).
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether didanosine can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Didanosine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking didanosine when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking didanosine.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Didanosine may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how didanosine works. Taking didanosine together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Didanosine comes in a powder that is mixed with water by a pharmacist to create an oral solution. The powder for oral solution can be used in adults and in children 2 weeks of age and older. The powder for oral solution comes in two strengths, both under the brand name Videx:
- 4-oz glass bottle containing 2 g of didanosine
- 8-oz glass bottle containing 4 g of didanosine
Didanosine also comes in capsule form for use in adults and children 6 years of age or older who can safely swallow capsules and who weigh at least 44 lb (20 kg). The capsules come in four strengths, all under the brand name Videx EC:
- 125-mg, 200-mg, 250-mg, and 400-mg delayed-release capsules, containing enteric-coatedbeadlets. The enteric coating prevents stomach acids from breaking down the didanosine beadlets before the HIV medicine is absorbed in the small intestine.
Take didanosine according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Both didanosine capsules and didanosine oral solution should be taken on an empty stomach. Do not take didanosine with food. Take didanosine oral solution at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after you eat. Swallow the didanosine capsule whole; do not break, crush, dissolve, or chew it.
Some medicines should not be taken at the same time of day that you take didanosine. Talk to your health care provider about other medicines that you take.
Always take didanosine in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much didanosine, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Didanosine may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable. Some side effects of didanosine can be serious. Serious side effects of didanosine include swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis), a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and liver problems.(See section above: What are the most important things to know about didanosine?)
Other possible side effects of didanosine include:
- Damage to the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord (peripheral neuropathy). Symptoms include numbness, tingling, or pain in your hands or feet.
- Vision changes, such as blurred vision.
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Loss of body fat (lipoatrophy).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of didanosine. To learn more about possible side effects of didanosine, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can also report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store didanosine capsules in a tightly closed container at 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C).
- Store bottles of didanosine powder at 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C). The oral solution can be stored for up to 30 days in a tightly closed container in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Any solution left after 30 days should be thrown away.
- Do not use didanosine if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away didanosine that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep didanosine and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Didanosine. AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jul 29, 2019]
2. DIDANOSINE- didanosine capsule, delayed release pellets Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
3. VIDEX- didanosine powder, for solution Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 25, 2018]
4. VIDEX EC- didanosine capsule, delayed release Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
5. Didanosine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Didanosine. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Viread

Tenofovir

Also called: Tenofovir disoproxil, Viread®

Tenofovir disoproxil is a prescription antiviral used to treat hepatitis B and HIV infection. It does not cure hepatitis B, HIV, or AIDS, but may slow the progress of the disease and prolong life.

Tenofovir

Also called: Tenofovir disoproxil, Viread®

Tenofovir disoproxil is a prescription antiviral used to treat hepatitis B and HIV infection. It does not cure hepatitis B, HIV, or AIDS, but may slow the progress of the disease and prolong life.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF) can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, and new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Weakness or being more tired than usual
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea or vomiting
- Cold or blue hands or feet
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fast or abnormal heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of severe liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
If you have hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and take tenofovir DF, your HBV infection may get much worse (flare up) if you stop taking tenofovir DF. Your health care provider will test you for HBV before you start tenofovir DF for HIV treatment. You should take an HIV test if you are taking tenofovir DF for the treatment of chronic HBV.
Some people taking tenofovir DF have developed new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure. Your health care provider may do blood and urine tests to check your kidneysbefore and during treatment with tenofovir DF.
While taking tenofovir DF, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking tenofovir DF, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to tenofovir DF or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, including HBV.
- If you have or have ever had kidney problems, or have ever received kidney dialysis treatment.
- If you have or have ever had bone problems.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether tenofovir DF can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking tenofovir DF when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking tenofovir DF.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Tenofovir DF may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how tenofovir DF works. Taking tenofovir DF together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Tenofovir DF (brand name: Viread) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 150-mg tablets
- 200-mg tablets
- 250-mg tablets
- 300-mg tablets
- Oral powder (40 mg of tenofovir DF per 1 g of powder)
Take tenofovir DF according to your health care provider's instructions.
Tenofovir DF tablets should be swallowed whole and can be taken with or without food. People who are unable to swallow the tablets whole may take the oral powder. Use the provided dosing scoop to measure the oral powder. Mix the oral powder with soft foods that can be swallowed without chewing, such as applesauce, baby food, or yogurt. Take the dose of oral powder right after mixing it. Do not mix the oral powder with liquid.
Always take tenofovir DF in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much tenofovir DF, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Tenofovir DF may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of tenofovir DF can be serious. Serious side effects of tenofovir DF include a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), severe liver problems, and new or worsening kidney problems, including kidney failure. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about tenofovir disoproxil fumarate?)
Other possible side effects of tenofovir DF include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Bone problems, including bone pain, softening, or thinning (osteopenia), which may lead to fractures.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of tenofovir DF. To learn more about possible side effects of tenofovir DF, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088) or online.
- Store tenofovir DF at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep tenofovir DF in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use tenofovir DF if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away tenofovir DF that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
Keep tenofovir DF and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jul 27, 2019]
2. Tenofovir. LiverTox. [accessed on Jul 27, 2019]
3. Tenofovir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Tenofovir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Zerit

Stavudine

Also called: Zerit®

Stavudine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults, children, and infants. Stavudine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Stavudine

Also called: Zerit®

Stavudine is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults, children, and infants. Stavudine is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Stavudine can cause serious side effects, including:
1. Build up of acid in your blood (lactic acidosis). Lactic acidosis can cause death and must be treated in the hospital. The risk of lactic acidosis may be higher if you:
- have liver problems
- are pregnant. There have been deaths reported in pregnant women who get lactic acidosis after taking stavudine and VIDEX, or stavudine and VIDEX EC (didanosine).
- are female
- are overweight
- have been treated for a long time with other medicines used to treat HIV
It is important to call your healthcare provider right away if you:
- feel weak or tired
- have unusual (not normal) muscle pain
- have trouble breathing
- have stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- feel cold, especially in your arms and legs
- feel dizzy or light-headed
- have a fast or irregular heartbeat
2. Liver problems. Some people (including pregnant women) who have taken stavudine have had serious liver problems. These problems include liver enlargement (hepatomegaly), fat in the liver (steatosis), liver failure, and death due to liver problems. Your healthcare provider should check your liver function while you are taking stavudine. You should be especially careful if you have a history of heavy alcohol use or liver problems. Use of stavudine with VIDEX EC or VIDEX (didanosine) may increase your risk of liver damage.
It is important to call your healthcare provider right away if you have:
- yellowing of your skin or the white of your eyes (jaundice)
- dark urine
- pain on the right side of your stomach
- swelling of your stomach
- easy bruising or bleeding
- loss of appetite
- nausea or vomiting
3. Swelling of the pancreas (pancreatitis) that may cause death has occurred when stavudine was used with VIDEX EC or VIDEX (didanosine). Pancreatitis can happen at any time during your treatment with stavudine.
It is important to call your healthcare provider right away if you have:
- stomach pain
- swelling of your stomach
- nausea and vomiting
- fever
Do not take stavudine if you:
- are allergic to stavudine or any of the ingredients in stavudine.
Before you take stavudine, tell your healthcare provider if you:
- have or had liver problems (such as hepatitis)
- have or had problems with your pancreas (pancreatitis)
- have or had kidney problems
- have or had persistent numbness, tingling, or pain in the hands or feet (neuropathy)
- have gallstones
- drink alcoholic beverages
- have any other medical conditions
- are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if stavudine will harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant while taking stavudine. You and your healthcare provider will decide if you should take stavudine while you are pregnant.
- are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed. It is not known if stavudine can be passed to your baby in your breast milk and whether it could harm your baby. Also, mothers with HIV-1 should not breastfeed because HIV-1 can be passed to the baby in the breast milk.
Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines that you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, or herbal supplements. Stavudine may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how stavudine work.
Especially tell your healthcare provider if you take:
- COMBIVIR®, RETROVIR®, TRIZIVIR® (zidovudine or AZT)
- VIDEX® or VIDEX EC® (didanosine)
- ADRIAMYCIN®, RUBEX® (doxorubicin)
- COPEGUS®, REBETOL®, RIBASPHERE®, RIBAVIRIN®, VIRAZOLE® (ribavirin)
- ROFERON-A®, INTRON-A®, and others (interferon)
- HYDREA®, DROXIA® (hydroxyurea)
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of your medicines and show it to your healthcare provider and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure if you take one of the medicines listed above.
For capsules:
- Take stavudine capsules exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take them.
- Your healthcare provider will tell you how much stavudine to take and when to take it.
- If your child will be taking stavudine capsules, your child’s healthcare provider should give you instructions on how to give this medicine.
- Your healthcare provider may change your dose. Do not change your dose of stavudine capsules without talking to your healthcare provider.
- Stavudine capsules may be taken with or without food.
- Try not to miss a dose, but if you do, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule.
- Some medicines may require your healthcare provider to monitor your therapy or change your therapy. Check with your healthcare provider.
- If your kidneys are not working well, your healthcare provider will need to do regular blood and urine tests to check how they are working while you take stavudine capsules. Your healthcare provider may also lower your dosage of stavudine capsules if your kidneys are not working well.
- If you take too much stavudine, contact a poison control center or emergency room right away.
For oral solution:
- Take Stavudine oral solution exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it.
- Your healthcare provider will tell you how much Stavudine oral solution to take and when to take it.
- Stavudine oral solution may be taken with or without food.
- Stavudine oral solution should be taken every 12 hours.
- Your child's healthcare provider should give you instructions on how to give Stavudine oral solution to your child.
- Shake the bottle of Stavudine oral solution well before measuring each dose. Use the measuring cup provided by your pharmacist to give a dose of Stavudine oral solution.
- Your healthcare provider may change your dose. Do not change your dose of Stavudine oral solution without talking to your healthcare provider.
- Do not miss a dose of Stavudine oral solution, if you miss a dose of Stavudine oral solution take it as soon as possible.
- It is important to take Stavudine oral solution on a regular schedule. The virus in your blood may increase and the virus may become harder to treat if you miss doses.
- If you take too much Stavudine oral solution, contact a poison control center or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away.
- Alcohol. You should avoid drinking alcohol while taking stavudine. Alcohol may increase your risk of getting pain and swelling of your pancreas (pancreatitis) or may damage your liver.
Stavudine can cause serious side effects including:
- Stavudine can cause lactic acidosis, liver problems, and pancreatitis. See “What is the most important information I should know about stavudine?”
- Neurologic symptoms. Symptoms include: weakness of your legs, feet, arms, or hands (motor weakness) and numbness or tingling in your hands or feet (neuropathy). These problems can happen more often in people who have advanced HIV disease, have a history of peripheral neuropathy, or in people who take other medicines that also are associated with neuropathy including didanosine. In some cases, neuropathy may temporarily worsen after you stop taking stavudine. Neuropathy can be difficult to notice in children who take stavudine. Ask your child’s healthcare provider for the signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy in children.
It is important to call your healthcare provider right away if you have:
- numbness in your hands or feet
- tingling in your hands or feet
- weakness in your legs, feet, arms, or hands
- Changes in body fat (fat redistribution). Changes in body fat (lipoatrophy or lipodystrophy) have been seen in some people taking HIV medicines including stavudine. Loss of body fat (lipoatrophy) happens more often in people who take stavudine than in people who take other similar HIV medicines.
These changes may include:
- more fat in or around your
  trunk
  upper back and neck (buffalo hump)
  breast or chest
- loss of fat in your
  legs
  arms
  face
Your healthcare provider will monitor you for changes in your body fat. It is important to tell your healthcare provider if you notice any of these changes.
- Changes in your immune system (immune reconstitution syndrome). Your immune system may begin to fight infections that have been in your body for a long time. Tell your healthcare provider if you start having new or worse symptoms of infection after you start taking HIV medicine.
The most common side effects of stavudine include:
- headache
- diarrhea
- rash
- nausea
- vomiting
Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of stavudine. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects.
For capsules:
- Store stavudine capsules in a tightly closed container at room temperature at 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).
For oral solution:
- Store Stavudine oral solution in the refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C)
- Store Stavudine oral solution in a tightly closed container.
- Throw away any unused Stavudine oral solution after 30 days.
Keep stavudine and all medicines out of the reach of children and pets.
1. STAVUDINE - stavudine capsule Citron Pharma LLC. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
2. STAVUDINE- stavudine for solution Cipla Ltd.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
3. ZERIT- stavudine capsule, gelatin coated ZERIT- stavudine powder, for solution E.R. Squibb & Sons, L.L.C.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
4. Stavudine. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
5. Stavudine Dosage, Side Effects. AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Stavudine. The drug should not be used for a condition other than that for which it is prescribed. Do not give it to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Ziagen

Abacavir

Also called: Abacavir Sulfate, ABC, Ziagen®

Abacavir is a prescription medicine for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 3 months of age and older. Abacavir does not cure HIV infection or AIDS. It will not stop the spread of HIV to others.

Abacavir

Also called: Abacavir Sulfate, ABC, Ziagen®

Abacavir is a prescription medicine for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 3 months of age and older. Abacavir does not cure HIV infection or AIDS. It will not stop the spread of HIV to others.

Abacavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include a serious allergic reaction, a buildup of lactic acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and liver problems.
People who take abacavir may have a serious allergic reaction (hypersensitivity reaction) that can cause death. Your risk of this allergic reaction is much higher if you have a gene variation called HLA-B*5701. Your health care provider can determine if you have this gene variation with a blood test. If you get a symptom from two or more of the following groups while taking abacavir, contact your health care provider right away to find out if you should stop taking abacavir.
- Group 1 Symptoms: Fever
- Group 2 Symptoms: Rash
- Group 3 Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
- Group 4 Symptoms: General ill feeling, extreme tiredness, or achiness
- Group 5 Symptoms: Shortness of breath, cough, sore throat
Your pharmacist will give you a Warning Card with a list of these symptoms. Carry this Warning Card with you at all times. If you stop taking abacavir because of an allergic reaction, never take abacavir or any other abacavir-containing medicine again. (The combination HIV medicines abacavir/lamivudine [brand name: Epzicom], abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine [brand name: Trizivir], and abacavir/dolutegravir/lamivudine [brand name: Triumeq] also contain abacavir.)
If you take abacavir or any other abacavir-containing medicine again after you have had an allergic reaction, within hours you may get life-threateningsymptoms that may include very low blood pressure or death. If you stop taking abacavir for any other reason, even for a few days, and you are not allergic to abacavir, talk with your health care provider before taking it again. Taking abacavir again can cause a serious allergic or life-threatening reaction, even if you never had an allergic reaction to it before. If your health care provider tells you that you can take abacavir again, start taking it when you are around medical help or people who can call a health care provider if you need one.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of lactic acidosis:
- Feeling very weak or tired
- Unusual muscle pain
- Trouble breathing
- Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting
- Feeling cold, especially in your arms and legs
- Feeling dizzy or lightheaded
- Fast or irregular heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach area
While taking abacavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking abacavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to abacavir or any other medicines.
- If you have been tested and know whether you have a particular gene variation called HLA-B*5701.
- If you have or have had hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV), or other liver problems.
- If you have heart problems, smoke, or have diseases that increase your risk of heart disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes.
- If you drink alcohol or take medicines that contain alcohol.
- If you take methadone.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Taking abacavir during pregnancy has not been associated with an increased risk of birth defects. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking abacavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking abacavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Abacavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how abacavir works. Taking abacavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Abacavir (brand name: Ziagen) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 300-mg tablets
- 20-mg/mL oral solution (a strawberry banana-flavored liquid available for children and adults who can’t swallow tablets)
Take abacavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take abacavir with or without food.
Always take abacavir in combination with other HIV medicines.
Children 3 months of age and older can take abacavir. The child’s health care provider will decide the right dose of abacavir based on the child's weight. The health care provider will also decide whether the child should take the tablet or liquid form of abacavir.
If you take too much abacavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Abacavir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of abacavir can be serious. Serious side effects of abacavir include allergic reactions, a buildup of acid in the blood (lactic acidosis), and liver problems. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about abacavir?)
Other possible side effects of abacavir include:
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Increased risk of heart attack (myocardial infarction).
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of abacavir. To learn more about possible side effects of abacavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Do not use abacavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Store abacavir at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Abacavir oral solution may be refrigerated, but do not freeze the abacavir oral solution.
- Keep abacavir in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Throw away abacavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicines.
Keep abacavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Abacavir. AIDSinfo/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Jul 23, 2019]
2. ABACAVIR- abacavir sulfate tablet, film coated American Health Packaging. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 24, 2018]
3. ABACAVIR - abacavir sulfate solution Rising Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 25, 2018]
4. ZIAGEN - abacavir sulfate tablet, film coated State of Florida DOH Central Pharmacy. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 25, 2018]
5. Abacavir. LiverTox. [accessed on Oct 25, 2018]
6. Ziagen (abacavir). European Medicines Agency. [accessed on Oct 25, 2018]
7. Abacavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
8. Abacavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Jun 06, 2023]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Abacavir. The drug should not be used for a condition other than that for which it is prescribed. Do not give it to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Protease Inhibitors

Aptivus - Tipranavir / Protease Inhibitors (PIs)

Protease Inhibitors for HIV and AIDS

Brand Name	Other Names
Aptivus	tipranavir (also called TPV)
Crixivan	indinavir sulfate (also called IDV, MK-639)
Evotaz*	atazanavir sulfate and cobicistat
Invirase	saquinavir mesylate (also called SQV)
Kaletra*	lopinavir and ritonavir (also called LPV, RTV)
Lexiva	fosamprenavir calcium (also called FOS-APV, FPV)
Norvir	ritonavir (also called RTV)
Prezcobix*	cobicistat and darunavir ethanolate (also called DRV)
Prezista	darunavir ethanolate (also called DRV)
Reyataz	atazanavir sulfate (also called ATV)
Viracept	nelfinavir mesylate (also called NFV)

* Evotaz, Kaletra, and Prezcobix are combination medicines.

This information does not give the specific side effects or warnings for each medicine. Check the medicine label and talk to your healthcare provider about the side effects and warnings for the combination HIV medicines you are taking.

IMPORTANT TIPS

Before you take these medicines, tell your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant.
These medicines may affect your birth control pills or patch. You may need to use another method of birth control. Talk to your healthcare provider about what medicine is best for you.
Tell your healthcare provider about all medicines that you are taking. Protease Inhibitors may cause serious health problems or death if mixed with other medicines.
These medicines may cause serious liver problems.
These medicines may cause increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
These medicines may cause diabetes or make it worse.
Certain protease inhibitors may cause an increase in cholesterol (triglycerides).
These medications are taken by mouth.

WARNING SIGNS

Call your doctor if you have any of these signs:

Serious skin rash
Feeling very weak or tired
Unusual muscle pain
Trouble breathing
Stomach pain with nausea and vomiting

Source: FDA Consumer Health Information

Aptivus

Tipranavir

Also called: Aptivus®

Tipranavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 2 years of age and older. Tipranavir is always used with the HIV medicine ritonavir.

Tipranavir

Also called: Aptivus®

Tipranavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 2 years of age and older. Tipranavir is always used with the HIV medicine ritonavir.

Tipranavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include liver problems, severe rash, and bleeding in the brain.
Some people taking tipranavir have had severe liver problems. A few people have died from these liver problems. Liver function tests are used before and during treatment to monitor the health of the liver and detect signs of liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection(HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking tipranavir. These people may need liver function tests more often.
Stop taking tipranavir (and ritonavir, an HIV medicine that is always used with tipranavir) and contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of serious liver problems:
- Tiredness
- General ill feeling
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on your right side below your ribs
Stop taking tipranavir and contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash and one or more of the following symptoms:
- Joint pain or stiffness
- Throat tightness
- Itching
- Muscle aches
- Fever
- Redness, blisters, or peeling of your skin
Report any unusual or unexplained bleeding to your health care provider.
While taking tipranavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking tipranavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to tipranavir or any other medicines, including sulfa medicines.
- If you have hemophilia or another medical condition that increases your chance of bleeding.
- If you are taking medicines that increase your chance of bleeding.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) and hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have high cholesterol levels or high levels of triglycerides.
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether tipranavir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking tipranavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking tipranavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Tipranavir may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking tipranavir.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Tipranavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how tipranavir works. Taking tipranavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious side effects.
Tipranavir (brand name: Aptivus) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 250-mg capsules
- 100-mg/mL oral solution
Take tipranavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Tipranavir capsules should be swallowed whole. Do not chew the capsules.
Tipranavir is always used with the HIV medicine ritonavir (brand name: Norvir). Take tipranavir and ritonavir at the same time. If you are taking tipranavir with ritonavir capsules or oral solution, the medicines can be taken with or without meals. If you are taking tipranavir with ritonavir tablets, the medicines must be taken with meals.
The oral solution of tipranavir contains vitamin E. If you take tipranavir oral solution, you can take a standard multivitamin, but do not take any other vitamin E supplements. Taking too much vitamin E during treatment with tipranavir may lead to new or worsening bleeding problems.
If you take too much tipranavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Tipranavir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of tipranavir can be serious or life-threatening. Serious side effects of tipranavir include liver problems, severe rash, and bleeding in the brain. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about tipranavir?)
Other possible side effects of tipranavir include:
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Increases in certain levels of fat (cholesterol and triglyceride) in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of tipranavir. To learn more about possible side effects of tipranavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store unopened containers of tipranavir capsules in a refrigerator at 36°F to 46°F (2°C to 8°C). Store opened containers of tipranavir capsules at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Once the container has been opened, the capsules must be used within 60 days.
- Store tipranavir oral solution at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Do not refrigerate or freeze the oral solution. Once the container has been opened, the oral solution must be used within 60 days.
- Do not use tipranavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away tipranavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date). Follow FDA guidelines on how to safely dispose of unused medicine.
- Keep tipranavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Tipranavir. AIDSinfo. [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Tipranavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Tipranavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Crixivan

Indinavir

Also called: Indinavir Sulfate, IDV

Indinavir is a type of anti-HIV drug (antiretroviral) called a protease inhibitor (PI). It was used in combination with other anti-HIV drugs to treat (but not cure) HIV. Indinavir is no longer available in the United States or Europe as it has many adverse effects, and there are better drugs.

Indinavir

Also called: Indinavir Sulfate, IDV

Indinavir is a type of anti-HIV drug (antiretroviral) called a protease inhibitor (PI). It was used in combination with other anti-HIV drugs to treat (but not cure) HIV. Indinavir is no longer available in the United States or Europe as it has many adverse effects, and there are better drugs.

Indinavir (Crixivan) is no longer available in the United States or Europe as it has many adverse effects, and there are better drugs.
Indinavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include kidney problems, hemolytic anemia (a rapid breakdown of healthy red blood cells), and liver problems.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of kidney problems:
- Pain in your middle to lower stomach or back area (kidney pain)
- Blood in your urine
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of hemolytic anemia:
- Feeling weak or tired
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Pale skin color
- Feeling dizzy
- Fast heartbeat
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
While taking indinavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking indinavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to indinavir or any other medicines.
- If you have or have ever had liver problems, especially mild or moderate liver disease caused by cirrhosis (scarring of the liver).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have high cholesterol and are taking cholesterol-lowering medicines called statins.
- If you have any other medical conditions
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether indinavir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Indinavir should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking indinavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you are infected with HIV or are taking indinavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings).
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Indinavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how indinavir works. Taking indinavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Indinavir (brand name: Crixivan) comes in capsule form in two different strengths:
- 200-mg capsules
- 400-mg capsules
Take indinavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take indinavir capsules every 8 hours around the clock, every day.
Typically, indinavir is taken with water or another beverage on an empty stomach (e.g., 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after a meal). Your health care provider may allow you to take indinavir with a snack or small meal that is low in calories, fat, and protein. Follow the instructions your health care provider gives you. Drink at least 6 8-ounce beverages (preferably water) throughout the day to reduce the risk of kidney stones. Eight ounces equals 1 cup.
Always take indinavir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much indinavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Indinavir may cause side effects. Most side effects from indinavir are manageable, but a few can be serious. Serious side effects of indinavir include kidney problems, hemolytic anemia (rapid breakdown of healthy red blood cells), and possibly liver problems. (See the WARNING above.)
Other possible side effects of indinavir include:
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
- Changes in your sense of taste.
- Severe muscle pain and weakness in people also taking cholesterol-lowering medicines called statins.
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of indinavir. To learn more about possible side effects of indinavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
- Store indinavir at room temperature, 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C).
- Keep indinavir in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed. If the container has a small packet of drying agent (called a desiccant), do not remove it. The desiccant protects the medicine from moisture.
- Do not use indinavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away indinavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep indinavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. LABEL: CRIXIVAN- indinavir sulfate capsule [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]
2. Indinavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Indinavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Invirase

Saquinavir

Also called: Saquinavir Mesylate

Saquinavir is a type of anti-HIV drug (antiretroviral) called a protease inhibitor (PI). It was used in combination with other anti-HIV drugs to treat (but not cure) HIV. Saquinavir is no longer available in the United States or Europe as it has many adverse effects, and there are better drugs.

Saquinavir

Also called: Saquinavir Mesylate

Saquinavir is a type of anti-HIV drug (antiretroviral) called a protease inhibitor (PI). It was used in combination with other anti-HIV drugs to treat (but not cure) HIV. Saquinavir is no longer available in the United States or Europe as it has many adverse effects, and there are better drugs.

Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase) is no longer available in the United States or Europe as it has many adverse effects, and there are better drugs.
Saquinavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include heart rhythm problems and worsening liver problems in people with pre-existing liver problems or a history of alcoholism.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of heart rhythm problems:
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Fainting
- Sensation of abnormal heartbeats
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Loss of appetite
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Pale-colored bowel movements
- Itchy skin
- Pain in the stomach area (abdominal pain)
Taking saquinavir together with certain medicines can cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Do not take saquinavir if you are taking cobicistat (brand name: Tybost).
While taking saquinavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking saquinavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to saquinavir or any other medicines.
- If you have any heart problems, including if you are at risk of or have a complete atrioventricular heart block or have a condition called congenital long QT syndrome.
- If you have low levels of potassium or magnesium in your blood.
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection(HCV).
- If you have a history of alcoholism.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether saquinavir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Saquinavir should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking saquinavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking saquinavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Saquinavir may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking saquinavir.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John's wort) you are taking or plan to take. Saquinavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how saquinavir works. Taking saquinavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Saquinavir (brand name: Invirase) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 200-mg hard-gel capsules
- 500-mg film-coated tablets
(A 200-mg soft-gel capsule form of saquinavir was formerly sold under the brand name Fortovase. Sale of Fortovase was discontinued in February 2006.)
Take saquinavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take saquinavir at the same time that you take the HIV medicine ritonavir (brand name: Norvir).
Take saquinavir, along with ritonavir, within two hours after a full meal.
Always take saquinavir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you are unable to swallow saquinavir capsules whole, open the capsules and mix the contents with three teaspoons (15 mL) of sugar syrup or jam. People with type 1 diabetes or glucose intolerance should use sorbitol syrup.
If you take too much saquinavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Saquinavir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of saquinavir can be serious. Serious side effects of saquinavir include heart rhythm problems and worsening liver problems in people with pre-existing liver problems or a history of alcoholism. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about saquinavir?)
Other possible side effects of saquinavir include:
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Increases in certain fat (cholesterol and triglyceride) levels in the blood (hyperlipidemia).
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of saquinavir. To learn more about possible side effects of saquinavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store saquinavir at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep saquinavir in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use saquinavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away saquinavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep saquinavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/164/saquinavir/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. INVIRASE- saquinavir mesylate capsule INVIRASE- saquinavir mesylate tablet, film coated Genentech, Inc.. Medication Guide. [accessed on Oct 25, 2018]
3. Saquinavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Saquinavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Lexiva

Fosamprenavir

Also called: Lexiva®

Fosamprenavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 4 weeks of age and older. Fosamprenavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Fosamprenavir

Also called: Lexiva®

Fosamprenavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 4 weeks of age and older. Fosamprenavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Fosamprenavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include severe skin reactions or rash.
Stop taking fosamprenavir and contact your health care provider right away if you have a rash and have any of the following symptoms:
- Hives or sores in your mouth
- Skin that blisters and peels
- Trouble swallowing or breathing
- Swelling of your face, eyes, lips, tongue, or throat
Taking fosamprenavir with certain other medicines may result in serious, life-threatening side effects. Tell your health care provider about other medicines you take.
While taking fosamprenavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking fosamprenavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to fosamprenavir, amprenavir, medicines containing sulfa, or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection(HCV).
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have diabetes or high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether fosamprenavir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Fosamprenavir should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking fosamprenavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking fosamprenavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Fosamprenavir may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking fosamprenavir.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Fosamprenavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how fosamprenavir works. Taking fosamprenavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Fosamprenavir (brand name: Lexiva) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 700-mg tablets.
- 50-mg/mL oral suspension (an oral suspension is a mixture of a medicine and a liquid that can be taken by mouth).
Take fosamprenavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Take fosamprenavir tablets with or without food.
Adults should take fosamprenavir oral suspension without food. Children should take the oral suspension with food. Shake fosamprenavir oral suspension vigorously before each use. If your child vomits within 30 minutes after taking a dose of fosamprenavir, the dose should be repeated.
Always take fosamprenavir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much fosamprenavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Fosamprenavir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of fosamprenavir can be serious. Serious side effects of fosamprenavir include severe skin reactions or rash.
Other possible side effects of fosamprenavir include:
- Liver problems.
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in blood test results. These include increases seen in liver function levels, blood fat levels, and decreases in white blood cells.
- Increased bleeding in some people with hemophilia.
- Kidney stones. Contact your health care provider right away if you have pain in your side, blood in your urine, or pain when you urinate.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of fosamprenavir. To learn more about possible side effects of fosamprenavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store fosamprenavir tablets at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep the bottle tightly closed.
- Store fosamprenavir oral suspension between 41°F and 86°F (5°C to 30°C). Refrigerating fosamprenavir oral suspension may improve its taste for some people. Do not freeze the oral suspension.
- Do not use fosamprenavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away fosamprenavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep fosamprenavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Fosamprenavir. AIDSinfo. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. [accessed on Nov 13, 2018]
2. Fosamprenavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Fosamprenavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Prezista

Darunavir

Also called: Prezista®

Darunavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 3 years of age and older. Darunavir is always used in combination with the HIV medicine ritonavir and other HIV medicines.

Darunavir

Also called: Prezista®

Darunavir is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children 3 years of age and older. Darunavir is always used in combination with the HIV medicine ritonavir and other HIV medicines.

Darunavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include liver problems and severe skin reactions or rash.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Dark-colored urine
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Pale-colored bowel movements
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Pain or tenderness on the right side below your ribs
- Loss of appetite
- Tiredness
Some people taking darunavir in combination with ritonavir (an HIV medicine always used with darunavir) have had liver problems, which may life-threatening. People with a history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) may have an increased risk of developing new or worsening liver problems while taking darunavir in combination with ritonavir. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with darunavir.
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash. Stop taking darunavir (and ritonavir) and contact your health care provider immediately if you develop any skin reactions along with the following symptoms:
- Fever
- Tiredness
- Muscle or joint pain
- Blisters or skin lesions
- Mouth sores or ulcers
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
Taking darunavir with certain other medicines may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
While taking darunavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking darunavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to darunavir, sulfa medicines, or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) or diabetes.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether darunavir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking darunavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking darunavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Darunavir may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking darunavir.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. John’s wort) you are taking or plan to take. Darunavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products may affect how darunavir works. Taking darunavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Darunavir (brand name: Prezista) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 75-mg tablets
- 150-mg tablets
- 600-mg tablets
- 800-mg tablets
- 100-mg/mL oral suspension
Take darunavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
If your child is prescribed darunavir, follow the instructions for using the drug given to you by their health care provider.
Always take darunavir in combination with the HIV medicine ritonavir (brand name: Norvir) and other HIV medicines.
Take darunavir and ritonavir at the same time with food.

Take (or give) darunavir oral suspension using the oral dosing syringe that comes with the medicine. Shake the oral suspension well before each use. See the instructions that come with darunavir oral suspension for more information about the right way to prepare and take a dose.
If your or your child's prescribed dose of darunavir oral suspension is more than 6 mL, you will need to divide the dose. Follow the instructions given to you by your health care provider or pharmacist about how to divide the dose. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you are not sure how to do this.
If you take too much darunavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Darunavir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of darunavir can be serious. Serious side effects of darunavir include liver problems and severe skin reactions or rash. (See section above: What are the most important things to know about darunavir?)
Other possible side effects of darunavir include:
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of darunavir. To learn more about possible side effects of darunavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store darunavir tablets and oral suspension at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep darunavir away from high heat. Do not refrigerate or freeze darunavir oral suspension.
- Keep darunavir in the container that it came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use darunavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away darunavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
Keep darunavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/397/darunavir/0/patient/ [accessed on Jan 27, 2019]
2. Darunavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Darunavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Reyataz

Atazanavir

Also called: Reyataz®, Atazanavir Sulfate, ATV

Atazanavir is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection, in combination with other antiretrovirals, in people 3 months and older, weighing 5 or more kilograms. It is in the protease inhibitor class of HIV medications.

Atazanavir

Also called: Reyataz®, Atazanavir Sulfate, ATV

Atazanavir is a prescription medicine used to treat HIV infection, in combination with other antiretrovirals, in people 3 months and older, weighing 5 or more kilograms. It is in the protease inhibitor class of HIV medications.

Atazanavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include changes in heart rhythm, severe skin rash and allergic reactions, liver problems, and drug interactions.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of a change in your heart rhythm:
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
Contact your health care provider right away if you develop a rash while taking atazanavir. Stop taking atazanavir and get medical help right away if you develop a rash with any of the following symptoms:
- General ill feeling
- Extreme tiredness
- Muscle or joint aches
- Fever
- Blistering or peeling skin
- Blisters or sores in your mouth
- Redness or swelling of the eyes (conjunctivitis)
- Swelling of your face, lips, mouth, tongue, or throat
- Trouble breathing or swallowing
Some people taking atazanavir may develop liver problems. People with a history of hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) or who have elevated results on liver function tests may have an increased risk of developing worsening liver problems while taking atazanavir. Liver function tests may be done before and during treatment with atazanavir.
Contact your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms that could be signs of liver problems:
- Yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- Dark-colored urine
- Light-colored bowel movements
- Loss of appetite for several days or longer
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pain, aching, or tenderness on the right side of your stomach/abdominal area
- Itching
Taking atazanavir with certain medicines may result in serious, life-threatening side effects. Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
While taking atazanavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Atazanavir (brand name: Reyataz) is a prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of HIV infection in adults and children. Atazanavir comes in two different dosage forms: capsules and oral powder.
- Atazanavir capsules are approved for use in adults and children 6 years of age and older who weigh at least 33 lb (15 kg). Atazanavir capsules may be used with a pharmacokinetic enhancer (boosting agent) – either ritonavir (brand name: Norvir) or cobicistat (brand name: Tybost). (A fixed-dose combination tablet containing atazanavir and cobicistat [brand name: Evotaz] is also available.)
- Atazanavir oral powder is approved for use in children 3 months of age and older who weigh at least 11 lb (5 kg) and must be used with the boosting agent ritonavir.
Atazanavir is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
HIV medicines cannot cure HIV/AIDS, but taking HIV medicines every day helps people with HIV live longer, healthier lives. HIV medicines also reduce the risk of HIV transmission. If you are taking HIV medicines, do not cut down on, skip, or stop taking them unless your health care provider tells you to.
Before taking atazanavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to atazanavir or any other medicines.
- If you have heart problems.
- If you have liver problems, including hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or hepatitis C virus infection (HCV).
- If you have phenylketonuria (PKU). The artificial sweetener (aspartame) in atazanavir oral powder contains phenylalanine. Phenylalanine may be harmful to people with PKU.
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you are receiving kidney dialysis treatment.
- If you have diabetes.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical conditions.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Talk to your health care provider about the risks and benefits of taking atazanavir during pregnancy. Atazanavir must be taken with ritonavir during pregnancy. If you take atazanavir during your pregnancy, after your baby is born, tell your health care provider if your baby’s skin or the white part of their eyes turns yellow.
- If you are breast/chestfeeding or plan to breast/chestfeed. For people with HIV in the United States, the Guideline recommends speaking with your health care provider to discuss options for feeding your baby. People with suppressed viral load have a less than 1% chance of transmitting HIV to their baby via their own milk.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as injections, vaginal rings, implants, a contraceptive patch, or birth control pills). Atazanavir may make these forms of birth control less effective. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking atazanavir.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products (particularly St. Johns’ wort) you are taking or plan to take. Atazanavir may affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines and products may affect how atazanavir works. Taking atazanavir together with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Atazanavir comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 150-mg, 200-mg, and 300-mg capsules
- Oral powder (50 mg of atazanavir per packet)
Take atazanavir according to your health care provider’s instructions. Do not miss a dose of atazanavir, and do not change your dose or stop taking atazanavir without first talking with your health care provider.
Take atazanavir capsules with food. Swallow the capsules whole. Do not open the capsules. If your health care provider has prescribed a boosting agent (ritonavir or cobicistat) with atazanavir capsules, take the boosting agent at the same time you take atazanavir capsules.
Atazanavir oral powder must be mixed with food (such as applesauce or yogurt) or liquid (such as milk, infant formula, or water). If atazanavir oral powder is mixed with water, your child must eat food right after taking the oral powder and water mixture. Atazanavir oral powder must be taken with ritonavir. Give ritonavir right away after your child has taken atazanavir oral powder mixed with food or liquid. For information about the correct way to mix and give a dose of atazanavir oral powder to your child, see the “Instructions for Use” that comes with the medicine.
If you take antacids; buffered medicines; or H2 blockers (medicines for reducing stomach acid), carefully follow instructions on how to take them with atazanavir.
If you take proton-pump inhibitors (medicines for reducing stomach acid), check with your health care provider to find out if you can take these medicines with atazanavir. Certain people should NOT take proton pump inhibitors during treatment with atazanavir. If your health care provider tells you to continue taking proton-pump inhibitors, carefully follow instructions on how to take them with atazanavir.
Always take atazanavir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you have taken too much atazanavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Atazanavir may cause side effects. Some side effects of atazanavir can be serious as noted above. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Other possible side effects of atazanavir include:
- Mild rash.
- Chronic kidney disease.
- Kidney stones. Contact your health care provider if you have pain in your lower back or lower stomach/abdominal area, blood in your urine, or pain when urinating.
- Gallbladder stones. Contact your health care provider right away if you develop symptoms of gallbladder problems (pain in your right or middle upper stomach area, fever, nausea and vomiting, or jaundice).
- New or worsening diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Changes in body fat (lipodystrophy syndrome).
- Increased bleeding problems in people with hemophilia.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of atazanavir.
- Store atazanavir capsules at room temperature, 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep atazanavir capsules in the container that they came in and keep the container tightly closed.
- Store atazanavir oral powder at a temperature of 68°F to 86°F (20°C to 30°C).
- Keep atazanavir oral powder in the original packet. Do not open until ready to use.
- After atazanavir oral powder is mixed with food or liquid, it may be kept at a temperature of 68°F to 86°F (20°C to 30°C) for up to 1 hour. Use atazanavir oral powder within 1 hour after mixing with food or liquid.
- Do not use atazanavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away atazanavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep atazanavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. Atazanavir - Patient | NIH [accessed on Nov 20, 2023]
2. DailyMed - REYATAZ- atazanavir capsule, gelatin coated REYATAZ- atazanavir powder [accessed on Nov 20, 2023]
3. Atazanavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Atazanavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

Viracept

Nelfinavir

Also called: Viracept®

Nelfinavir mesylate is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in children 2 years of age and older and adults. It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Nelfinavir

Also called: Viracept®

Nelfinavir mesylate is a prescription medicine used for the treatment of HIV infection in children 2 years of age and older and adults. It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.

Nelfinavir can cause serious, life-threatening side effects. These include liver problems in people with moderate or severe liver impairment and life-threatening drug interactions.
The artificial sweetener (aspartame) in nelfinavir oral powder contains phenylalanine. Phenylalanine may be harmful to people with PKU.
While taking nelfinavir, it is important to keep all of your appointments with your health care provider.
Before taking nelfinavir, tell your health care provider:
- If you are allergic to nelfinavir or any other medicines.
- If you have liver problems. People with moderate or severe liver problems should not use nelfinavir.
- If you have kidney problems.
- If you have phenylketonuria (PKU). The artificial sweetener (aspartame) in nelfinavir oral powder contains phenylalanine. Phenylalanine may be harmful to people with PKU.
- If you have diabetes or high blood sugar.
- If you have hemophilia.
- If you have any other medical condition.
- If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Whether nelfinavir can harm an unborn baby is unknown. Nelfinavir should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your health care provider about possible risks with taking nelfinavir when pregnant.
- If you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed if you have HIV or are taking nelfinavir.
- If you are using hormone-based birth control (such as pills, implants, or vaginal rings). Nelfinavir may make these forms of birth control less effective. During treatment with nelfinavir, you should use a different or second method of birth control method along with hormone-based birth control. Your health care provider can help you decide how to adjust your birth control while you are taking nelfinavir.
- About other prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take, especially St. John’s wort. Nelfinavir can affect the way other medicines or products work, and other medicines or products can affect how nelfinavir works. Taking nelfinavir with certain medicines or products may cause serious, life-threatening side effects.
Nelfinavir (brand name: Viracept) comes in the following forms and strengths:
- 250-mg tablets.
- 625-mg tablets.
- 50-mg/g oral powder.
Take nelfinavir according to your health care provider’s instructions.
Nelfinavir tablets should always be taken with a meal. If you or your child has trouble with swallowing the tablets, you can dissolve the tablets in a small amount of water. Once the tablets are dissolved, the liquid will be cloudy. Mix the cloudy liquid well and drink immediately. To make sure you or your child get the full dose of nelfinavir, add water to the glass to rinse the glass and then drink the rinse.
Nelfinavir oral powder is another option for people who have trouble with swallowing nelfinavir tablets. The oral powder may be mixed with a small amount of water, milk, formula, soy formula, soy milk, or liquid dietary supplements. Do not mix oral powder in the container that it comes in. Do not mix the powder with any acidic food or juice. Once mixed, the entire dose of nelfinavir must be taken. If the mixture is not taken immediately, it must be stored in the refrigerator, but not for longer than 6 hours.
If you are also taking the HIV medicine didanosine (brand names: Videx; Videx EC), take nelfinavir with food 1 hour after or more than 2 hours before you take didanosine.
Always take nelfinavir in combination with other HIV medicines.
If you take too much nelfinavir, contact your health care provider or local poison control center (1-800-222-1222) right away, or go to the nearest hospital emergency room.
Nelfinavir may cause side effects. Many side effects from HIV medicines, such as nausea or occasional dizziness, are manageable.
Some side effects of nelfinavir can be serious. Serious side effects of nelfinavir include liver problems in people with moderate or severe liver impairment and life-threatening drug interactions. (See the "What are the most important things to know about nelfinavir?" section above.)
Other possible side effects of nelfinavir include:
- Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia).
- Increased bleeding in people with hemophilia.
- Changes in body fat (including gain or loss of fat).
- Changes in your immune system (called immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome or IRIS). IRIS is a condition that sometimes occurs when the immune system begins to recover after treatment with an HIV medicine. As the immune system gets stronger, it may have an increased response to a previously hidden infection.
- Diarrhea.
Tell your health care provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of nelfinavir. To learn more about possible side effects of nelfinavir, read the drug label or package insert or talk to your health care provider or pharmacist.
You can report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 (1-800-332-1088).
- Store nelfinavir tablets and oral powder at room temperature, 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C).
- Store nelfinavir in its original container and keep the container tightly closed.
- Do not use nelfinavir if the original seal over the container opening is broken or missing.
- Throw away nelfinavir that is no longer needed or expired (out of date).
- Keep nelfinavir and all medicines out of reach of children.
1. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/drugs/263/nelfinavir/0/patient [accessed on Nov 08, 2018]
2. VIRACEPT - nelfinavir mesylate tablet, film coated [accessed on Nov 08, 2018]
3. Nelfinavir. MedlinePlus/AHFS® Drug Information. [accessed on Oct 29, 2018]

These FAQs provide a summary of the most important information about Nelfinavir. If you would like more information or have any questions, talk to your healthcare provider.

PrEP and PEP

PrEP vs PEP

Image by aidsinfo.nih.gov

HIV: PrEP and PEP

What are PrEP and PEP?

PrEP and PEP are medicines to prevent HIV. Each type is used in a different situation:

PrEP stands for pre-exposure prophylaxis. It is for people who don't already have HIV but are at risk of getting it. PrEP is medicine that can reduce this risk. It can either be a pill that you take every day or an injection that you get every two months. With PrEP, if you do get exposed to HIV, the medicine can stop HIV from taking hold and spreading throughout your body.
PEP stands for post-exposure prophylaxis. PEP is for people who have possibly been exposed to HIV. It is only for emergency situations. PEP must be started within 72 hours after a possible exposure to HIV.

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)

Who should consider taking PrEP?

PrEP can help protect you if you don't have HIV and any of these applies to you:

You have had anal or vaginal sex in the past 6 months and:
- Have a sexual partner with HIV,
- Have not consistently used a condom, OR
- Have been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease in the past 6 months
You inject drugs and:
- Share needles or other equipment to inject drugs OR
- Have an injection partner with HIV
You have been prescribed PEP and:
- Continue engaging in high-risk behaviors OR
- Have used multiple courses of PEP

If you have a partner who is HIV-positive and are considering getting pregnant, talk to your health care provider about PrEP. Taking it may help protect you and your baby from getting HIV infection while you try to get pregnant, during pregnancy, or while breastfeeding.

How well does PrEP work?

PrEP is very effective when you take it consistently. It reduces the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99%. In people who inject drugs, it reduces the risk of HIV by at least 74%. PrEP is much less effective if you do not take it consistently.

PrEP does not protect against other STDs, so you should still use latex condoms every time you have sex. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.

You must have an HIV test every 3 months while taking PrEP, so you'll have regular follow-up visits with your health care provider. If you are having trouble taking PrEP every day or if you want to stop taking PrEP, talk to your provider.

Does PrEP cause side effects?

Some people taking PrEP may have side effects, like nausea. The side effects are usually not serious and often get better over time. If you are taking PrEP, tell your provider if you have a side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis)

Who should consider taking PEP?

If you are HIV-negative and you think you may have been recently exposed to HIV, contact your health care provider immediately or go to an emergency room right away.

You may be prescribed PEP if you are HIV negative or don't know your HIV status, and in the last 72 hours you may have been exposed to HIV:

During sex, for example if a condom broke during sex with someone who could have HIV,
Through the sharing of needles or drug preparation equipment, OR
Through sexual assault

Your provider or emergency room doctor will help to decide whether PEP is right for you.

PEP may also be given to a health care worker after a possible exposure to HIV at work, for example, from a needlestick injury.

When should I start PEP and how long do I need to take it?

PEP must be started within 72 hours (3 days) after a possible exposure to HIV. The sooner you start it, the better; every hour counts.

You need to take the PEP medicines every day for 28 days. You will have to see your provider at certain times during and after taking the PEP, so you can have an HIV screening test and other testing.

Does PEP cause side effects?

Some people taking PEP may have side effects, like nausea. The side effects are usually not serious and often get better over time. If you are taking PEP, tell your provider if you have a side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.

PEP medicines may also interact with other medicines that a person is taking (called a drug interaction). So it's important to tell your provider about any other medicines that you take.

Can I take PEP every time I have unprotected sex?

PEP is only for emergency situations. It is not the right choice for people who may be exposed to HIV frequently - for example, if you often have sex without a condom with a partner who is HIV-positive. In that case, you should talk to your health care provider about whether PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) would be right for you.

Source: National Library of Medicine

Additional Materials (3)

HIV PrEP 101

CDC

Your journey to HIV PrEP

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PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)

PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)

Managing Side Effects

Hydration

Image by Olichel

Managing Side Effects of HIV Treatment

Tips for Common Side Effects

Here is a list of symptoms, or side effects, that some people experience when they start taking HIV medications, along with some suggestions for what you can do at home to manage them. Many side effects can be improved through diet, exercise, and quality sleep; most side effects get better after about a week's time. Because what seems like a side effect may actually be a sign of a more serious condition, such as a drug toxicity or an infection, be sure to discuss any changes in your health with your medical provider.

If you are having a serious or persistent side effect, you should seek medical attention promptly.

Headache	Maintain adequate fluid intake and avoid sugary beverages and lots of caffeine Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) as directed by your provider Keep lights dim, wear sunglasses, or stay in darkened, quiet rooms Try to get plenty of rest and practice quality sleep hygiene
Fatigue	Try low-impact exercise such as walking or aerobics as directed by your provider Maintain adequate fluid intake and avoid sugary beverages and lots of caffeine Try to get plenty of rest and practice quality sleep hygiene Eat well-balanced meals every day
Insomnia	Try to get plenty of rest and practice quality sleep hygiene Limit fluid intake 2 hours before bedtime to avoid having to get up to use the bathroom Avoid chocolate and caffeinated products, especially in the afternoon and at night Avoid heavy meals close to bedtime Try a glass of warm milk (contains tryptophan, a natural sleep agent)
Poor appetite	Eat smaller, more frequent (4-6) meals throughout the day Drink protein drinks (such as Carnation Instant Breakfast, Ensure, or Boost)
Nausea and vomiting	Eat small meals Avoid foods/smells that trigger nausea; try eating cold foods and avoiding cooking smells Eat healthy foods; avoid greasy, spicy, acidic, or sweet foods Try eating ginger: in ginger tea, ginger ale, or gingersnaps Eat some crackers or dry white toast if you feel sick in the morning Talk to your provider about over-the-counter antacids or other medications
Diarrhea	Eat more soluble fiber such as bananas, white rice, applesauce and white toast (the "BRAT" diet) Avoid foods that are spicy or acidic (such as citrus) Avoid milk products until diarrhea resolves Maintain adequate fluid intake and avoid sugary beverages and caffeine Stay away from foods high in insoluble fiber, such as whole grains, brown rice, bran, or the skins of vegetables and fruits. These kinds of foods can make diarrhea worse Don't eat too many greasy, high-fiber, or very sweet foods Avoid raw or undercooked fish, chicken, and meat Let your provider know if you take metformin which can be boosted by certain HIV medications and cause loose stool Your provider may recommend treatments such as loperamide (Imodium) or methylcellulose (Citrucel) or psyllium (Metamucil)
Dry skin/rashes	Maintain adequate fluid intake and avoid sugary beverages and lots of caffeine Avoid long, hot showers or baths Avoid soaps and skin products that contain alcohols or harsh chemicals Use moisturizing lotion after showers (such as Aquaphor, Absorbase, Lac-Hydrin) Use mild unscented laundry detergents and avoid fabric softeners Use sunscreen Try rubbing or pressing on the itchy areas rather than scratching Use petroleum jelly on dry, itchy areas A rash that blisters, or involves your mouth, the palms of your hands, or the soles of your feet, or one that is accompanied by shortness of breath, can be dangerous; contact your provider immediately, or go to an emergency room for evaluation
Dry mouth	Rinse your mouth throughout the day with warm, salted water Carry sugarless candies, lozenges, or crushed ice with you to cool the mouth and give it moisture Try slippery elm or licorice tea (available in health food stores). They can moisten the mouth, and they taste great! Ask your VA provider about mouth rinse and other products to treat your dry mouth

Source: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Additional Materials (1)

1:35

What is Hydration?

TheVisualMD

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